Leadership Theories and Behavioral Psychology

<p>Effective leaders prioritize both people and production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pairing a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person naturally flinching when they hear a loud noise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guide and facilitate decision-making with input from group members. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leadership is a complex process involving multiple factors, not just one specific style. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant conditioning relies on reward and punishment, while classical conditioning relies on naturally occurring stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group members are more likely to be committed to decisions made by the leader. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to account for the diversity of organizational contexts and challenges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The closeness of employees to the decision-making process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stability of Tenure of Personnel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring employees understand their place in the hierarchy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of definition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotion of team spirit and unity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There should be a clear line of authority to every member of the group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of span of control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing employees freedom to create and implement plans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict is a natural part of life that can lead to positive outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrating activities to achieve organizational objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capacity to encourage initiative and energize a group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A better understanding of human behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employees dislike work and require constant supervision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They rely on a 'carrot and stick' approach for motivation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mutual influence between superiors and subordinates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-control as a preferred method of maintaining order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A theory suggesting that great leaders possess inherent traits that make them effective.

Activities that include planning, organizing, and controlling to achieve organizational goals.

A leadership style that encourages participation and consultation among subordinates.

A theory that claims leaders are born with specific traits necessary for leadership success.

Examines leadership by analyzing what leaders do, such as their behavioral style (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire).

A leadership style that gives freedom and independence to individuals and groups.

Motivates individuals by maximizing their potential and promoting adaptiveness.

Can lead to chaos due to lack of control, with personal goals overshadowing group goals.

A style where the leader retains full authority and responsibility.

A style where the leader delegates authority and encourages participation in decision-making.

Primarily a downward flow of information from leader to subordinates.

Enhances commitment through participation and shared decision-making.

Can be time-consuming due to the need for consensus and discussions.

A leadership style that is self-denying and allows others to make decisions.

A theory of learning that focuses on behavior as a result of conditioning through interaction with the environment.

A learning technique where a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response, often used in behavioral training.

A method of learning where behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments, creating an association between behavior and outcome.

A leadership style that involves taking input from group members, encouraging their participation in decision-making.

Leadership characterized by high concern for both people and production, balancing consideration and structure.

The process of learning through interactions with the environment, forming responses to stimuli.

A process in operant conditioning that increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing rewards.

A consequence in operant conditioning that decreases the likelihood of a behavior by introducing negative outcomes.

Refers to the closeness of employees to decision-making processes.

The hierarchy or chain of command within an organization.

Workplace should be clean, tidy, and organized with everything in its place.

Fairness from managers to staff, balancing discipline and kindness.

Minimizing employee turnover and planning personnel effectively.

Employees should have freedom to create and implement their plans.

Promoting team spirit and unity among employees.

The purpose of organizing is to facilitate unity of effort.

Judged by individual outcomes, not leader characteristics.

Leadership can be developed through learned behaviors.

Leadership effectiveness depends on situational demands.

Different situations require different leadership behaviors.

Leaders help clarify and facilitate goals for followers.

Leaders clarify direction, remove obstacles, and increase rewards.

Belief that effort will lead to success drives motivation.

Leaders must adjust their style based on follower needs and situations.

Pioneered conflict management by integrating sociological and psychological aspects.

Conflict can lead to positive outcomes if approached correctly.

The integration of activities to achieve organizational goals.

Power is the ability to initiate change; authority is vested power; control is often self-control.

A leader energizes their group and encourages initiative and participation.

Introduced Theory X and Y regarding management styles and employee motivation.

Managers believe employees are unmotivated and dislike work, requiring constant control.