Leadership and Group Dynamics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant disadvantage of large groups?

  • Increased motivation among members
  • Easier division of labor
  • Suffocation of innovation (correct)
  • Members feel more individual accountability

Which of the following is NOT a reason people join groups?

  • Power
  • Conflict resolution (correct)
  • Affiliation
  • Self-esteem

What effect does group size have on group performance?

  • Small groups lead to poorer coordination of efforts
  • Group size does not influence motivation levels
  • Small groups are generally more motivated and interact better (correct)
  • Larger groups are always more effective due to more diverse perspectives

Groupthink can lead to what type of decision-making outcome?

<p>Irrational or dysfunctional decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typically associated with informal groups?

<p>Spontaneous formation based on social needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of characteristics are considered under the Trait Theory as influencing leadership potential?

<p>Intellective and physiological (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Trait Theory, which of these traits are regarded as demographic characteristics?

<p>Age and education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned as one of the core traits associated with leader emergence?

<p>Imagination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stogdill's research, which of the following traits was identified as a critical leadership trait?

<p>Insight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which development level describes followers who are not competent and not committed?

<p>D1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is cited by Zaccaro, Kemp, and Bader as essential to effective leadership?

<p>Emotional intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the studies on leadership traits suggest about leaders compared to non-leaders?

<p>Leaders have higher intelligence than non-leaders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a leader according to Path Goal Theory?

<p>To support followers with necessary resources and information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which development level are followers competent but unwilling?

<p>D3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is classified under task-related traits in the context of the Trait Theory?

<p>Achievement drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is associated with S3-D3 development level?

<p>Supportive/Participative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the personality traits associated with leadership effectiveness according to the Trait Theory?

<p>Conscientiousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of followers at the D4 level?

<p>They lack confidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Path Goal Theory suggest about leader behaviors?

<p>They should adapt based on follower motivation and performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which development level involves followers who are not competent but committed?

<p>D2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Path Goal Theory of leadership?

<p>Robert House (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the situational leadership theory suggest about leadership styles?

<p>Leadership styles should be chosen based on situational variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an M-1 maturity level?

<p>Incompetent and unwilling to perform the task. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the S-3 leadership style focus on?

<p>Encouraging participation in decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the relationship between maturity levels and leadership styles is true?

<p>S-1 is best suited for M-1 maturity level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles in Hersey and Blanchard's theory?

<p>Coaching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of adapting leadership styles according to situational variables?

<p>To achieve the goals or objectives effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many maturity levels are outlined in the situational leadership theory?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style involves persuading followers to take action?

<p>S-2: Selling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chiefs are reported to exist in Ghana according to Dzivenu (2011)?

<p>More than 32,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies a component of traditional leadership in Ghana?

<p>Both male and female leaders including queen mothers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the CHIEFTAINCY ACT - 1971 require in relation to chiefs?

<p>Maintenance of a register called 'The National Register of Chiefs' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which traditional leadership title is used for female leaders in Ghana?

<p>Queen mothers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to collectively refer to the bearers of traditional titles in Ghana?

<p>Traditional leaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered problematic by some traditional leaders regarding their titles?

<p>The terms 'chief' or 'chieftaincy' as being invented during colonial rule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two main forms of traditional authority in Ghana before colonialism?

<p>Centralized and decentralized systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approach of colonialism towards traditional authorities in Ghana?

<p>Recognition and backing of traditional authorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the incremental model?

<p>Sequentially addressing decision-making steps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely to influence an individual's decision to join a group?

<p>Peer influence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle of ethical leadership?

<p>Making decisions based on morality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes leadership from management?

<p>Management focuses on maintaining stability, while leadership emphasizes change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best encapsulates the concept of leadership according to various scholars?

<p>It involves followers' participation and response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines leadership as a process?

<p>A relationship focused on mutual influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does collaborative leadership primarily emphasize?

<p>Team members working together towards goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these leaders is commonly cited as an example of ethical leadership?

<p>Nelson Mandela (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Northouse, how is leadership characterized?

<p>As an interaction process between leaders and followers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major difference between leadership and management?

<p>Management focuses on planning, leadership on inspiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Leadership (Definition)

A process of influencing others to achieve shared goals through shared changes.

Functions of Leadership

The function of a leader encompasses various roles, responsibilities, and tasks essential to guide and support the team toward achieving goals.

Levels of Leadership

Levels of leadership can be categorised according to the scope of influence and responsibilities. These levels include individual, team, organisational, and societal.

Elements of Leadership

Leadership is a dynamic process encompassing various elements including vision, communication, motivation, decision-making, and conflict resolution.

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Leadership vs. Management

Leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating people toward a shared vision, while management emphasizes structure, planning, and control.

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Similarities between Leadership and Management

Both leadership and management play vital roles in an organization. Leadership provides direction and vision, while management ensures efficient operations and execution.

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Vroom-Yetton Decision Making Model

A model that considers different decision-making styles and suggests the best approach based on the situation and the extent of follower involvement.

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Decision-Making Strategies

Strategies for making choices involve different approaches like analytical, intuitive, and creative methods.

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Factors Affecting Decision-Making

Factors affecting decision-making include time pressure, available information, risk tolerance, and personal biases.

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Incremental Model

A leadership approach that focuses on making gradual changes and building on existing knowledge and systems.

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Trait Theory: Leadership Potential

The trait theory of leadership suggests that certain traits predispose individuals towards leadership effectiveness. These traits are seen as preconditions for leadership potential, not guarantees of success.

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Physiological Traits

Physical characteristics such as appearance, height, and weight can influence perceptions of leadership potential, though they are not the only factors.

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Demographic Traits

Demographic traits like age, education, and socioeconomic background can affect a leader's opportunities and experiences, which in turn affect their leadership.

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Personality Traits

Personality traits like self-confidence and assertiveness are often associated with effective leadership. These traits can influence how a leader interacts with others.

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Intellective Traits

Intellective traits, including intelligence, decision-making skills, and knowledge, are essential for understanding complex situations and making informed decisions.

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Task-Related Traits

Task-oriented traits like ambition, initiative, and persistence are important for setting goals, taking action, and overcoming challenges.

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Social Characteristics

Social characteristics like friendliness, cooperation, and the ability to build relationships contribute to effective leadership by fostering teamwork and communication.

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Studies on Leadership Traits

Researchers like Stogdill and Mann have identified a range of traits associated with successful leadership, which include intelligence, self-confidence, and the ability to influence others.

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Informal Group

It's a group that naturally forms based on shared interests or needs. It's not officially set up by an organization.

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Interest Group

An informal group where people have similar interests or hobbies, often with a common goal.

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Why do people join groups? (Security)

Groups provide security by offering a sense of belonging and support. They make us feel safe and protected.

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Groupthink

Groupthink is a dangerous phenomenon when a group prioritizes harmony over logic and makes poor choices. It's like a herd mentality.

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Task Interdependence in Groups

When the tasks of group members are interconnected, they work closer together. If one person's work affects another's, they rely more on each other.

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Situational Leadership Theory

This theory suggests that effective leaders adapt their leadership style based on the situation and the maturity level of their followers.

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Maturity Level

This refers to the followers' ability and willingness to take on responsibility for a task.

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Telling (S1)

This style involves giving clear instructions and closely supervising the team.

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Selling (S2)

This style involves explaining decisions and providing guidance, while still encouraging participation.

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Participating (S3)

This style involves sharing responsibility with the team and facilitating discussion.

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Delegating (S4)

This style involves delegating tasks and giving the team autonomy to make decisions.

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M1: Basic Incompetence/Unwillingness

This level describes followers who lack the skills, knowledge, or confidence to work independently; they need clear direction and supervision.

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M2: Inability but Willingness

This level describes followers who are willing but lack the skills or knowledge to perform the task efficiently.

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Follower Development Level M2

This level describes followers who are willing to work but lack the skills to succeed.

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Follower Development Level M3

This level describes followers who are both willing and able to do the work, but lack confidence in their abilities.

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Follower Development Level M4

This level describes followers who are highly skilled, confident, and committed to the task.

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Follower Development Level D1

This level describes followers who lack both the ability and willingness to do the work.

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Follower Development Level D2

This level describes followers who are willing to do the work but lack the necessary skills.

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Follower Development Level D3

This level describes followers who have the skills but lack the motivation to do the work.

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Follower Development Level D4

This level describes followers who are both able and willing to complete the task successfully.

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Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

This theory suggests that leaders are responsible for clarifying paths to goals and providing resources to subordinates.

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National Register of Chiefs

The National House of Chiefs, mandated by the Chieftaincy Act of 1971, maintains a comprehensive registry of all chiefs in Ghana.

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Composition of Traditional Leadership

Traditional leadership in Ghana encompasses a variety of roles, including male chiefs, female queen mothers, and leaders at different levels.

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Debate surrounding "tradition" in traditional leadership

The term "tradition" in the context of traditional leadership is debated because some argue that the institution and its practices are outdated and need reform.

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Controversial terminology in traditional leadership

The term "chief" or "chieftaincy" is considered problematic by some because they were introduced during colonial rule.

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Historical roots of Ghanaian traditional leadership

Traditional leadership in Ghana predates independence and is firmly rooted in pre-colonial society.

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Pre-colonial forms of traditional authority in Ghana

Ghana's pre-colonial history featured two main forms of traditional authority: centralized systems with a paramount chief and decentralized systems led by family heads.

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Colonial influence on traditional leadership

Both centralized and decentralized forms of traditional authority in Ghana received recognition and support during colonial rule.

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Constitutional recognition of traditional matters in Ghana

The 1992 Constitution of Ghana explicitly recognizes traditional matters, demonstrating its importance in the nation's governance.

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Study Notes

UPSA Help Desk

  • Contact Benson's Help Desk at +233 55 270 4945
  • #SERVING THE BEST INTEREST OF STUDENTS

Course Structure and Outline (BCPC 207)

  • Course Code: BCPC 207
  • Credit Hours: 3
  • Level: 200
  • Course Title: Principles of Leadership
  • Academic Year: 2021/2022
  • Semester: First
  • Programme(s): Core for all Bachelor's Programmes
  • Course URL: N/A

Course Instructors

Course Description

  • Leadership is crucial for business survival in uncertain times
  • The course emphasizes both theoretical concepts and practical experiences of contemporary leaders.
  • Topics include leadership concepts, leadership roles, trust, power, theories, team leadership, decision-making, and traditional/global leadership approaches.
  • The course aims to equip students with the skills needed to navigate rapid organizational change.

Course Objectives

  • Explain basic leadership concepts and levels
  • Explain the traditional leadership architecture in Ghana
  • Explain theoretical underpinnings of leadership
  • Understand factors in choosing leaders for different contexts
  • Determine decision-making models for leaders
  • Advise organizations on appropriate leadership styles
  • Develop effective leadership competencies

Learning Outcomes

  • Understand basic leadership concepts and levels
  • Comprehend traditional leadership in Ghana
  • Analyze the theoretical underpinnings of leadership
  • Ascertain situational factors in choosing a leader
  • Determine decision-making models for diverse situations
  • Identify and understand leadership styles
  • Advise organizations on appropriate leadership initiatives
  • Develop relevant leadership competencies

Course Content

  • Foundation of Leadership
  • Theories of Leadership
  • Contingency Theories of Leadership
  • Concepts of Trust and Power in Leadership
  • Traditional Leadership
  • Leadership Styles and Skills
  • Decision-Making Models and Styles
  • Leading Team and Groups/Leading in Crisis
  • Ethical Leadership and Values

Teaching and Learning Methods

  • Lectures
  • Agility diary
  • Case studies
  • Readings
  • Group discussions and presentations

Course Resources

  • PowerPoint slides
  • Books
  • Academic journals

Reading Books

  • Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2015). Leadership: Theory, application, & skill development. Cengage learning.
  • Kouzes and Posener
  • Northouse
  • Acchua and Lussier (effective Leadership)
  • Government of Ghana Constitution
  • Oedekoven, Lavrenz & Robbins
  • Hughes, R.L., Ginnett, R.C & Curphy, G.J (2015). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience

Assessment Methods and Criteria

  • Interim Assessment (IA) (40%): quizzes, group work, and presentations
  • Final Examination (60%): multiple-choice, subjective, and essay questions

Weekly Schedule

  • Weeks 1-5: Course outline, foundations of leadership, theories of leadership, contemporary theories of leadership, concept of trust and power in leadership.
  • Week 6: Traditional leadership
  • Week 7: Mid-semester examination
  • Week 8: Leadership styles and skills
  • Week 9: Decision-making models and styles
  • Week 10: Leading Teams and Groups/in Crisis
  • Week 11-12: Ethical leadership, revision and reconciliation of assessment

Other Topics

  • Leadership Trait Questionnaire (LTQ)
  • Managerial (Leadership) Grid
  • Pygmalion Theory
  • The Golem effect
  • Contingency Theories
  • Fiedler theory
  • Hersey & Blanchard
  • Path Goal Theory
  • Decision-making models and styles
  • Rational vs. incremental model
  • Decision-making strategies
  • Factors affecting decision making
  • Leading Teams and Groups/in Crisis
  • Characteristics of an effective team
  • Why do teams fail
  • Managing Groups and Teams for high performance
  • Leading in crisis
  • Ethical Leadership

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Test your understanding of leadership theories and group dynamics with this engaging quiz. It covers topics like group performance, decision-making, and essential traits for effective leadership. Perfect for students studying psychology or organizational behavior.

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