Primary Care Exam 1: Refractive errors

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Questions and Answers

What term describes hypermetropia that is only revealed under cycloplegia?

  • Accommodative hyperopia
  • Refractive hypermetropia
  • Manifest hyperopia
  • Latent hyperopia (correct)

What condition can result from excessive accommodative convergence due to uncorrected hyperopia?

  • Astigmatism
  • Esotropia (correct)
  • Hypermetropia
  • Myopia

What is the consequence of letting the letters be out of focus in a child with uncorrected hyperopia?

  • Esotropia
  • Double vision
  • Blurry vision (correct)
  • Eyestrain

How does the visual system compensate for uncorrected hyperopia by turning one eye inward?

<p>To cause double vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of overconvergence in the visual system due to uncorrected hyperopia?

<p>Stress and eyestrain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Latent hyperopia is always detected during subjective refraction.

<p>False (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fill in the blank: Excessive accommodation in uncorrected hyperopia can lead to either _ _ _ _ vision or double vision.

<p>Blurry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sorsby's classification of myopia based on?

<p>Axial length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Duke-Elder, which is the type of myopia that frequently leads to visual disability?

<p>Degenerative myopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Goldschmidt Denmark study, what type of myopia is most common and genetically determined?

<p>Low myopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Curtin's classification, what is the cause of physiological myopia?

<p>Axial length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes intermediate myopia in Curtin's classification?

<p>Expansion of the posterior segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of myopia includes a category related to excessive close work as a factor?

<p>Curtin (1985) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of myopia is rare but can lead to visual disability according to Duke-Elder?

<p>Intermediate myopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of myopia at age 6 according to the provided text?

<p>2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of eyes tend to be myopic if they do not completely develop at birth?

<p>Eyes with steep corneas and underdeveloped lenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly lowers the odds of developing myopia according to the text?

<p>Spending an additional hour per week outdoors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of myopia at age 20 according to the information provided?

<p>20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between congenital myopia and acquired myopia according to the text?

<p>Congenital myopia is present at birth or early age, persisting through life, acquired myopia appears later in life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the myopia found in low birth weight (premature babies) according to the text?

<p>Eye underdevelopment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to children who are emmetropic when they enter school, according to the text?

<p>They are likely to develop myopia during school years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of astigmatism are children more likely to have?

<p>With-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children between 5 and 17 years old were reported to have astigmatism in a USA study?

<p>28.4% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which age group were 32.4% of adults reported to have astigmatism in Bangladesh?

<p>&gt;30 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of astigmatism are the elderly more likely to have?

<p>Against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the prevalence of refractive errors in students in Northeastern Brazil according to a study?

<p>34% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region was the prevalence of refractive errors among students studied?

<p>Northeastern Brazil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults in Bangladesh were reported to have astigmatism?

<p>&gt;32% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for performing cycloplegic refraction in children younger than 3 years old?

<p>Accommodative esotropias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to amblyopia if not corrected in children with high hyperopia?

<p>Paralysis of extraocular muscle or nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for hyperopia progression in early adulthood?

<p>Decrease in refractive error of the crystalline lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does an eye turning inward typically happen during the first 6 months of life?

<p>Due to high hyperopia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for performing cycloplegic refraction in children and young adults with asthenopia?

<p>Accommodative fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result in uncooperative/non-communicative patients requiring cycloplegic refraction?

<p>Variable/inconsistent endpoints in subjective refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group is most susceptible to suspected pseudo-myopia that may necessitate cycloplegic refraction?

<p>Children younger than 3 y/o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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