35 Questions
What term describes hypermetropia that is only revealed under cycloplegia?
Latent hyperopia
What condition can result from excessive accommodative convergence due to uncorrected hyperopia?
Esotropia
What is the consequence of letting the letters be out of focus in a child with uncorrected hyperopia?
Blurry vision
How does the visual system compensate for uncorrected hyperopia by turning one eye inward?
To cause double vision
What is the result of overconvergence in the visual system due to uncorrected hyperopia?
Stress and eyestrain
True or False: Latent hyperopia is always detected during subjective refraction.
False
Fill in the blank: Excessive accommodation in uncorrected hyperopia can lead to either _ _ _ _ vision or double vision.
Blurry
What was Sorsby's classification of myopia based on?
Axial length
According to Duke-Elder, which is the type of myopia that frequently leads to visual disability?
Degenerative myopia
In the Goldschmidt Denmark study, what type of myopia is most common and genetically determined?
Low myopia
According to Curtin's classification, what is the cause of physiological myopia?
Axial length
What distinguishes intermediate myopia in Curtin's classification?
Expansion of the posterior segment
Which classification of myopia includes a category related to excessive close work as a factor?
Curtin (1985)
What type of myopia is rare but can lead to visual disability according to Duke-Elder?
Intermediate myopia
What is the prevalence of myopia at age 6 according to the provided text?
2%
Which type of eyes tend to be myopic if they do not completely develop at birth?
Eyes with steep corneas and underdeveloped lenses
What factor significantly lowers the odds of developing myopia according to the text?
Spending an additional hour per week outdoors
What is the prevalence of myopia at age 20 according to the information provided?
20%
What is the difference between congenital myopia and acquired myopia according to the text?
Congenital myopia is present at birth or early age, persisting through life, acquired myopia appears later in life
What causes the myopia found in low birth weight (premature babies) according to the text?
Eye underdevelopment
What happens to children who are emmetropic when they enter school, according to the text?
They are likely to develop myopia during school years
Which type of astigmatism are children more likely to have?
With-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism
What percentage of children between 5 and 17 years old were reported to have astigmatism in a USA study?
28.4%
In which age group were 32.4% of adults reported to have astigmatism in Bangladesh?
>30 years
Which type of astigmatism are the elderly more likely to have?
Against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism
What was the prevalence of refractive errors in students in Northeastern Brazil according to a study?
34%
In which region was the prevalence of refractive errors among students studied?
Northeastern Brazil
What percentage of adults in Bangladesh were reported to have astigmatism?
>32%
What is a common indication for performing cycloplegic refraction in children younger than 3 years old?
Accommodative esotropias
Which condition may lead to amblyopia if not corrected in children with high hyperopia?
Paralysis of extraocular muscle or nerve
What is a significant reason for hyperopia progression in early adulthood?
Decrease in refractive error of the crystalline lens
When does an eye turning inward typically happen during the first 6 months of life?
Due to high hyperopia
What is a common reason for performing cycloplegic refraction in children and young adults with asthenopia?
Accommodative fatigue
Which condition can result in uncooperative/non-communicative patients requiring cycloplegic refraction?
Variable/inconsistent endpoints in subjective refraction
What age group is most susceptible to suspected pseudo-myopia that may necessitate cycloplegic refraction?
Children younger than 3 y/o
Test your knowledge on latent hyperopia, which is hypermetropia only revealed under cycloplegia, and the effects of excessive accommodative convergence. Explore scenarios like subjective vs. cycloplegic refraction and risks of uncorrected hyperopia.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
