Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the way a question is formulated, influencing the decisions people make?
What is the term used to describe the way a question is formulated, influencing the decisions people make?
- Expected Value
- Framing (correct)
- Neuroeconomics
- Salience of Surface Similarities
Which term represents what an outcome is personally worth to an individual?
Which term represents what an outcome is personally worth to an individual?
- Morphemes
- Subjective Utility (correct)
- Syntax
- Subjective Probability
What does the term 'Functional Fixedness' refer to?
What does the term 'Functional Fixedness' refer to?
- Making sense of facial expressions and tone of voice
- Learning language through imitation
- Generating cognitive strategies to accomplish goals
- Difficulty conceptualizing alternative uses of an object (correct)
What are the fundamental sounds that are the smallest unit of speech called?
What are the fundamental sounds that are the smallest unit of speech called?
Which theory suggests that children are born with some basic knowledge about language?
Which theory suggests that children are born with some basic knowledge about language?
What does Chomsky's Language acquisition device hypothesize humans are born with?
What does Chomsky's Language acquisition device hypothesize humans are born with?
What is the Availability Heuristic?
What is the Availability Heuristic?
What is Hindsight Bias?
What is Hindsight Bias?
Which process involves System 1 and System 2 thinking?
Which process involves System 1 and System 2 thinking?
What is Representativeness Heuristic primarily concerned with?
What is Representativeness Heuristic primarily concerned with?
What does Top Down Processing aim to do?
What does Top Down Processing aim to do?
What is the key difference between System 1 and System 2 thinking?
What is the key difference between System 1 and System 2 thinking?
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Study Notes
Decision Making and Problem Solving
- Paralysis by analysis occurs when individuals overthink big decisions, leading to indecision
- Framing effects influence decision making, as the way a question is formulated can affect choices
- Neuroeconomics studies how the brain works while making financial decisions
- Expected Value calculates the potential outcome of a decision, while Subjective Utility represents personal value
- Subjective Probability involves personal estimates of probability
Problem Solving Strategies
- Problem-solving involves active efforts to discover a solution to reach a goal
- Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems, like making a sandwich or replacing a car starter
- Salience of Surface Similarities occurs when individuals focus on irrelevant details, ignoring meaningful ones
- Mental Sets involve becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting alternative solutions
- Functional Fixedness refers to the difficulty in conceptualizing an object's alternative uses
Language and Communication
- Phonemes are fundamental sounds in speech, with around 40-45 used in English
- Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in language, consisting of root words, prefixes, and suffixes
- Syntax refers to the rules for arranging words into sentences, varying across languages
- Extralinguistic Information includes facial expressions, tone of voice, and previous statements that aid language interpretation
Language Acquisition
- Imitation theory suggests babies learn language by hearing it used systematically
- Nativist theory proposes that children are born with basic language knowledge
- Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device hypothesizes a language organ in the brain
Heuristics and Biases
- Representativeness Heuristic judges probability based on superficial similarity to a prototype
- Availability Heuristic estimates likelihood based on how easily an event comes to mind
- Hindsight Bias involves overestimating predictive ability after an event occurs
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