Language, Thought & Reasoning

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Which phenomenon refers to the difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another?

Subjective Utility

Functional Fixedness (correct)

Salience of Surface Similarities

Mental Sets

What term describes the system of rules for arranging words into sentences in language?

Extralinguistic Information

Morphemes

Phonemes

Syntax (correct)

Which theory suggests that children are born with some basic knowledge about language, including Chomsky's Language acquisition device?

General Cognitive Processing theory

Nativist theory (correct)

Imitation theory

Social Pragmatics theory

What is the term for the smallest units of speech sounds in language?

Phonemes Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of decision-making involves personal estimates of probabilities?

Subjective Probability Signup and view all the answers

What does Expected Value in decision-making refer to?

What one gains or stands to lose Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy?

Mental Sets Signup and view all the answers

'Salience of Surface Similarities' involves focusing on which type of details during problem-solving?

Surface details Signup and view all the answers

'Algorithms' in problem-solving involve which approach?

Logical step-by-step procedure Signup and view all the answers

'Extralinguistic Information' in language includes which elements?

Facial Expressions and tone of voice Signup and view all the answers

What type of heuristics involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype?

Representativeness Heuristic Signup and view all the answers

Which heuristics involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds?

Availability Heuristic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to overestimate how well we could have predicted something after it has already occurred?

Hindsight Bias Signup and view all the answers

Which type of processing utilizes pre-existing knowledge to fill in missing information?

Top Down Processing Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive functioning strategy involves utilizing pre-existing knowledge such as schemas?

Top Down Processing Signup and view all the answers

'Judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype' is associated with which heuristic?

'Estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease of recall' Signup and view all the answers

'Utilizing pre-existing knowledge to fill in the gaps of missing information' is characteristic of which cognitive process?

'Schemas-based Top Down Processing' Signup and view all the answers

'Estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds' is a feature of which heuristic?

'Judging probability based on similarity to a prototype' Signup and view all the answers

'Overestimating how well we could have predicted something after it has occurred' is a characteristic of which cognitive bias?

'Hindsight Bias' Signup and view all the answers

'Process of selecting among a set of possible alternatives' refers to what cognitive function?

'Decision Making' Signup and view all the answers