Language, Thought & Reasoning
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Questions and Answers

Which phenomenon refers to the difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another?

  • Subjective Utility
  • Functional Fixedness (correct)
  • Salience of Surface Similarities
  • Mental Sets
  • What term describes the system of rules for arranging words into sentences in language?

  • Extralinguistic Information
  • Morphemes
  • Phonemes
  • Syntax (correct)
  • Which theory suggests that children are born with some basic knowledge about language, including Chomsky's Language acquisition device?

  • General Cognitive Processing theory
  • Nativist theory (correct)
  • Imitation theory
  • Social Pragmatics theory
  • What is the term for the smallest units of speech sounds in language?

    <p>Phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of decision-making involves personal estimates of probabilities?

    <p>Subjective Probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Expected Value in decision-making refer to?

    <p>What one gains or stands to lose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy?

    <p>Mental Sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Salience of Surface Similarities' involves focusing on which type of details during problem-solving?

    <p><strong>Surface</strong> details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Algorithms' in problem-solving involve which approach?

    <p><strong>Logical</strong> step-by-step procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Extralinguistic Information' in language includes which elements?

    <p><strong>Facial Expressions</strong> and tone of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of heuristics involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype?

    <p>Representativeness Heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heuristics involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds?

    <p>Availability Heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to overestimate how well we could have predicted something after it has already occurred?

    <p>Hindsight Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing utilizes pre-existing knowledge to fill in missing information?

    <p>Top Down Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive functioning strategy involves utilizing pre-existing knowledge such as schemas?

    <p>Top Down Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype' is associated with which heuristic?

    <p>'Estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease of recall'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Utilizing pre-existing knowledge to fill in the gaps of missing information' is characteristic of which cognitive process?

    <p>'Schemas-based Top Down Processing'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds' is a feature of which heuristic?

    <p>'Judging probability based on similarity to a prototype'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overestimating how well we could have predicted something after it has occurred' is a characteristic of which cognitive bias?

    <p>'Hindsight Bias'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Process of selecting among a set of possible alternatives' refers to what cognitive function?

    <p>'Decision Making'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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