Language Teaching Methods

Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching

• Main focus is on developing learners' ability to communicate effectively in everyday situations
• Grammar is taught inductively, through examples and practice, rather than through explicit rules
• The learner is the center of the lesson, with the teacher acting as a facilitator or guide
• The target language is the exclusive language used in class, to promote authentic communication

Audio-lingual Method

• Characterized by the use of drills, dialogs, and audio recordings to develop language skills
• Based on the behaviorist theory, which views language learning as a process of habit formation
• Students' language habits are developed through repetition, imitation, and practice
• Developed in the post-World War II period, as a response to the need for rapid language learning
• Emphasizes the development of language skills through listening and speaking, rather than reading and writing

Direct Method

• Main goal is to enable learners to communicate freely and spontaneously in the target language
• Aimed to make second language learning similar to mother tongue acquisition, with a focus on natural, spontaneous language use
• One of the main principles is that language learning should be based on direct experience and exposure, rather than on explicit grammar rules
• Developed in response to the limitations of the Grammar-Translation Method, which did not provide learners with the skills they needed for real communication