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Questions and Answers
What is a consequence of inadequate intervention in children's development?
What is a consequence of inadequate intervention in children's development?
Which of the following is NOT a substage in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development?
Which of the following is NOT a substage in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development?
Which of the following methods is primarily used by nativists to test infant core capacities?
Which of the following methods is primarily used by nativists to test infant core capacities?
What is evidenced by an infant's achievement of object permanence?
What is evidenced by an infant's achievement of object permanence?
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What does Piaget's A-not-B task demonstrate about infants?
What does Piaget's A-not-B task demonstrate about infants?
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Which aspect is emphasized as crucial for protecting at-risk children?
Which aspect is emphasized as crucial for protecting at-risk children?
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What aspect of relationships does the Internal Working Model primarily influence?
What aspect of relationships does the Internal Working Model primarily influence?
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What cognitive ability do nativists believe infants possess that contradicts Piaget's views?
What cognitive ability do nativists believe infants possess that contradicts Piaget's views?
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Which figure is most closely associated with the development of the Strange Situation?
Which figure is most closely associated with the development of the Strange Situation?
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Which of the following best describes the importance of community support programs in child development?
Which of the following best describes the importance of community support programs in child development?
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Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys primarily demonstrated the significance of which factor in attachment?
Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys primarily demonstrated the significance of which factor in attachment?
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Which of the following temperamental dimensions is NOT identified by Rothbart?
Which of the following temperamental dimensions is NOT identified by Rothbart?
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According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament is characterized by a slow adjustment to new experiences?
According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament is characterized by a slow adjustment to new experiences?
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The long-term effects of deprivation of maternal care can include which of the following?
The long-term effects of deprivation of maternal care can include which of the following?
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Which key figure focused on behavioral inhibition as a temperamental trait?
Which key figure focused on behavioral inhibition as a temperamental trait?
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What negative outcomes might children face as a result of maternal deprivation?
What negative outcomes might children face as a result of maternal deprivation?
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Which of the following dimensions of temperament is associated with how easily a child can be calmed?
Which of the following dimensions of temperament is associated with how easily a child can be calmed?
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What component of temperament in toddlers is characterized by the ability to exert control over impulses and attention?
What component of temperament in toddlers is characterized by the ability to exert control over impulses and attention?
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Which attachment style is characterized by high anxiety and resistance to the caregiver's efforts to comfort?
Which attachment style is characterized by high anxiety and resistance to the caregiver's efforts to comfort?
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Which theorist developed the Strange Situation to assess infant attachment?
Which theorist developed the Strange Situation to assess infant attachment?
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What term describes the compatibility between a child's temperament and environmental demands?
What term describes the compatibility between a child's temperament and environmental demands?
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What unique advantage do bilingual children often develop from simultaneously learning two languages?
What unique advantage do bilingual children often develop from simultaneously learning two languages?
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Which category of attachment was added by Main and Solomon to the classifications established by Ainsworth?
Which category of attachment was added by Main and Solomon to the classifications established by Ainsworth?
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What factor is NOT typically considered a predictor of infant attachment statuses?
What factor is NOT typically considered a predictor of infant attachment statuses?
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What is the term used for children who learn two languages due to exposure to a native language at home differing from the community language?
What is the term used for children who learn two languages due to exposure to a native language at home differing from the community language?
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What developmental milestone typically occurs around 18-24 months in language acquisition?
What developmental milestone typically occurs around 18-24 months in language acquisition?
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Which aspect of attachment studies has been criticized for overlooking significant caregiver relationships?
Which aspect of attachment studies has been criticized for overlooking significant caregiver relationships?
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Maternal use of which types of words enhances children's understanding of mental states?
Maternal use of which types of words enhances children's understanding of mental states?
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What cognitive development phenomenon does Piaget associate with the concept of object permanence?
What cognitive development phenomenon does Piaget associate with the concept of object permanence?
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What happens during the A-not-B task if an infant searches at location A despite seeing the object moved to location B?
What happens during the A-not-B task if an infant searches at location A despite seeing the object moved to location B?
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What role does statistical learning play in language development during the first year of life?
What role does statistical learning play in language development during the first year of life?
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What is one potential reason for an infant's failure to perform correctly in the A-not-B task?
What is one potential reason for an infant's failure to perform correctly in the A-not-B task?
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Which factor is most influential in children's individual differences on theory-of-mind tasks?
Which factor is most influential in children's individual differences on theory-of-mind tasks?
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What aspect of language development is highlighted by young children learning grammar rules before exceptions?
What aspect of language development is highlighted by young children learning grammar rules before exceptions?
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Which activity is most closely related to the development of emergent literacy skills?
Which activity is most closely related to the development of emergent literacy skills?
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How do children's spatial skills relate to their learning?
How do children's spatial skills relate to their learning?
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What is a critical factor in enhancing children's math skills according to family context?
What is a critical factor in enhancing children's math skills according to family context?
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Which change is notably part of children's theory-of-mind development?
Which change is notably part of children's theory-of-mind development?
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Which component is least directly related to children’s language skills according to the discussed factors?
Which component is least directly related to children’s language skills according to the discussed factors?
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How does a child’s environment play a role in their language and literacy skills?
How does a child’s environment play a role in their language and literacy skills?
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Study Notes
Bilingualism
- Bilingual children often develop language skills in two languages simultaneously
- This leads to cognitive flexibility and metalinguistic awareness
- Similar and unique language processes in children learning multiple languages
- Similar vocabulary growth rates
- Similar vocabulary size
Maternal Language Use
- Mothers using verbs related to thoughts and emotions help children understand mental states
- This enhances social and emotional language skills
Language Milestones
- Cooing occurs at 2-3 months
- Babbling occurs at 4-6 months
- First words are around 12 months
- Combining words occurs around 2 years
Vocabulary Explosion
- Vocabulary explosion occurs around 18-24 months
- Children learn 10-20 new words per week during this time
Effects of Language Development
- Language development affects social skills and cognitive development
- A strong vocabulary enhances reading skills
### Prenatal Language Learning
- Learning sounds and rhythms of mother's language
- Phonemic tuning occurs in the second half of the first year
- Word segmentation is made easier by identifying distinctive transitions
- Statistical learning plays a crucial role
Piaget and Object Permanence
- Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when not visible
- It develops around 8-12 months
- The A-not-B task tests object permanence
- In this task, an object is hidden in one location, then in a second location
- Infants who search for the object in the original location demonstrate a lack of object permanence understanding
Possible Reasons for Failure on the A-not-B Task
- Coordinating memory with movement with unfamiliar situations
- Learned response becomes ‘prepotent'
- Infant should maintain location in working memory and inhibit a learned response
- Social interpretation: Adults expect the infant to reach for the object in the original location
Internal Working Model Theory
- Refers to mental frameworks that shape how individuals perceive relationships based on their early attachment experiences
- Influences expectations and interactions in future relationships
The Strange Situation
- Developed by Mary Ainsworth to assess attachment styles in children
- Involves separations and reunions between the child and caregiver
- Reveals the child's attachment behavior and strategies for seeking comfort
Key Figures in Attachment Theory
- John Bowlby: Attachment is an evolutionary mechanism crucial for survival, emphasizing the bond between mother and child
- Mary Ainsworth: Developed the Strange Situation and identified various attachment styles
- Harry Harlow: Conducted experiments with rhesus monkeys showing the importance of comfort and security over basic needs
- Rene Spitz: Studied the effects of maternal deprivation highlighting the detrimental impact of lack of maternal care on development
Temperament Theories
- Chess & Thomas: Identified three types of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up
- Rothbart: Proposed a model with dimensions including reactivity and self-regulation
- Kagan: Focused on behavioral inhibition, identifying a temperamental trait characterized by shyness and withdrawal in unfamiliar situations
Effects of Deprivation of Maternal Care
- Children deprived of maternal care experience negative outcomes, such as attachment disorders, emotional difficulties, and cognitive delays
- Long-term effects include increased anxiety, depression and social difficulties
- Early identification and intervention protect children and provide support to at-risk families
- Preventative measures include education, community support programs, and strong child protection policies
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Description
Explore the fascinating journey of language development in bilingual children. This quiz covers key milestones from cooing to vocabulary explosion, the impact of maternal language use, and the cognitive benefits of learning multiple languages. Test your knowledge on the unique processes and timelines of early language acquisition.
