Bilingualism and Language Development

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What was the main reason for the misconception that bilingualism harms development in the 20th century?

Low scores of monolingual children

Invalid IQ measurement from poor immigrants (correct)

Small vocabulary of bilingual children

Lack of familiarity with the culture

What is the result of combining both languages when considering the vocabulary of bilingual children?

Vocabulary is the same as that of monolingual children

Vocabulary is harder to measure in bilingual children

Total vocabulary is smaller than that of monolingual children

Total vocabulary is larger than that of monolingual children (correct)

At what age do children typically combine words to make two-word sentences?

12 months

30 months

18 months (correct)

24 months

What is the term for words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatical?

Morphemes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the application of general rules to add grammatical morphemes, resulting in errors with exception words?

Overlegalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the executive function that is improved in bilingual children?

Inhibitory processes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children lived with both biological parents?

66% Signup and view all the answers

What was the divorce rate in 2022?

45% Signup and view all the answers

What is a short-term effect of divorce on children?

Shock and disbelief Signup and view all the answers

According to Wallerstain's longitudinal study, what was the outcome for children of divorced parents?

Significant negative outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why divorce may affect children's development?

Separation from one of the parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended arrangement for children in joint custody situations?

Frequent contact with the non-custodial parent Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of the behaviorist perspective on language acquisition?

Children often create novel sentences that are not an imitation of adult speech. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Broca's area in language processing, according to the linguistic perspective?

It allows for the combination of words into meaningful sentences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the cognitive and linguistic perspectives on language acquisition?

The cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of environment, while the linguistic perspective emphasizes the role of innate mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the social-interaction perspective on language acquisition?

It takes an eclectic view, combining elements from the behaviorist, linguistic, and cognitive perspectives. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically begin to engage in spontaneous turn-taking?

By 2 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of emotions, according to the chapter on emotional development?

To help people adapt to their environment Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between young infants' facial expressions and those of adults?

Infants' facial expressions are not reliable indicators of emotions Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic emotions that are universal in humans?

Anger, fear, disgust, surprise, enjoyment, and sadness Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants experience only two basic emotions?

Around 2 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotions?

It is activated in response to emotional stimuli, leading to physiological changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests that children are born with an innate ability to learn grammar?

Linguistic perspective Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the experiment that shows infants' fear and wariness of strangers?

Still-face experiment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of using others' emotions to guide one's own reactions?

Social referencing Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical period for language acquisition, according to research findings?

Before puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range when children develop complex emotions such as pride and guilt?

18-24 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rules that govern how emotions are expressed in different cultures?

Display rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way infants regulate their emotions in the first year of life?

Contingent responses from caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not being able to regulate one's emotions for relationships with peers?

Difficulty in making friends Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children begin to understand that people can have mixed feelings?

During elementary school Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of adjusting an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity?

Emotional regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of sexual abuse on victims?

High levels of depression and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children begin to recognize themselves as individuals, separate from others?

4 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to inhibit impulses, manage negative emotions, and behave in socially acceptable ways?

Effortful control Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bullies, according to Eysenck's measure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the imaginary audience that adolescents believe are watching them?

Imaginary audience Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common measure of self-esteem in children?

Self-perception profile for children Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which adolescents experiment with different identities?

Hypothetical reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the system of relationships within a family that influence a child's development?

Family system Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of victims of bullying?

Anxious, fearful, and insecure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage of identity development where adolescents have not yet explored or committed to an identity?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers