Bilingualism and Language Development
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Questions and Answers

What was the main reason for the misconception that bilingualism harms development in the 20th century?

  • Low scores of monolingual children
  • Invalid IQ measurement from poor immigrants (correct)
  • Small vocabulary of bilingual children
  • Lack of familiarity with the culture

What is the result of combining both languages when considering the vocabulary of bilingual children?

  • Vocabulary is the same as that of monolingual children
  • Vocabulary is harder to measure in bilingual children
  • Total vocabulary is smaller than that of monolingual children
  • Total vocabulary is larger than that of monolingual children (correct)

At what age do children typically combine words to make two-word sentences?

  • 12 months
  • 30 months
  • 18 months (correct)
  • 24 months

What is the term for words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatical?

<p>Morphemes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the application of general rules to add grammatical morphemes, resulting in errors with exception words?

<p>Overlegalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the executive function that is improved in bilingual children?

<p>Inhibitory processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children lived with both biological parents?

<p>66% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the divorce rate in 2022?

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a short-term effect of divorce on children?

<p>Shock and disbelief (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Wallerstain's longitudinal study, what was the outcome for children of divorced parents?

<p>Significant negative outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why divorce may affect children's development?

<p>Separation from one of the parents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended arrangement for children in joint custody situations?

<p>Frequent contact with the non-custodial parent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of the behaviorist perspective on language acquisition?

<p>Children often create novel sentences that are not an imitation of adult speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Broca's area in language processing, according to the linguistic perspective?

<p>It allows for the combination of words into meaningful sentences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the cognitive and linguistic perspectives on language acquisition?

<p>The cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of environment, while the linguistic perspective emphasizes the role of innate mechanisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the social-interaction perspective on language acquisition?

<p>It takes an eclectic view, combining elements from the behaviorist, linguistic, and cognitive perspectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically begin to engage in spontaneous turn-taking?

<p>By 2 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of emotions, according to the chapter on emotional development?

<p>To help people adapt to their environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between young infants' facial expressions and those of adults?

<p>Infants' facial expressions are not reliable indicators of emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic emotions that are universal in humans?

<p>Anger, fear, disgust, surprise, enjoyment, and sadness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants experience only two basic emotions?

<p>Around 2 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotions?

<p>It is activated in response to emotional stimuli, leading to physiological changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests that children are born with an innate ability to learn grammar?

<p>Linguistic perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the experiment that shows infants' fear and wariness of strangers?

<p>Still-face experiment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of using others' emotions to guide one's own reactions?

<p>Social referencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical period for language acquisition, according to research findings?

<p>Before puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range when children develop complex emotions such as pride and guilt?

<p>18-24 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rules that govern how emotions are expressed in different cultures?

<p>Display rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way infants regulate their emotions in the first year of life?

<p>Contingent responses from caregivers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not being able to regulate one's emotions for relationships with peers?

<p>Difficulty in making friends (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children begin to understand that people can have mixed feelings?

<p>During elementary school (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of adjusting an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity?

<p>Emotional regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of sexual abuse on victims?

<p>High levels of depression and anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children begin to recognize themselves as individuals, separate from others?

<p>4 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to inhibit impulses, manage negative emotions, and behave in socially acceptable ways?

<p>Effortful control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bullies, according to Eysenck's measure?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the imaginary audience that adolescents believe are watching them?

<p>Imaginary audience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common measure of self-esteem in children?

<p>Self-perception profile for children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which adolescents experiment with different identities?

<p>Hypothetical reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the system of relationships within a family that influence a child's development?

<p>Family system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of victims of bullying?

<p>Anxious, fearful, and insecure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage of identity development where adolescents have not yet explored or committed to an identity?

<p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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