Bilingualism and Learning Strategies

<p>Observations of children raised in bilingual environments reveal they naturally acquire both languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To investigate how bilingual infants differentiate between languages at an early age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual children follow a similar language acquisition path as monolingual children, initially acquiring phonological properties at a similar rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early exposure to multiple languages creates a foundation for exceptional multilingual proficiency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They gradually develop a preference for one language, which becomes their dominant language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interference from the Japanese language order of constituents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy where students insert articles into sentences when they are unsure of the correct grammar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adverbials + Subject + Object + Verb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afterwards they ate the dinner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The student has mistakenly used an article with an uncountable noun. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yesterday John met Mary at the theatre. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of transferring knowledge from one language to another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A way to keep the conversation going when the learner lacks the necessary language knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the wrong grammatical rule in the second language, even though it sounds similar to the first language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the amount of language input the learner receives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using words or phrases from the first language in a second-language conversation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communication strategies focus on fluency, while learning strategies focus on accuracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep the conversation going and learn more from the interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coining a new word to express a concept that is missing in the second language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the first language as a primary source of knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a similar syntax to the first language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native English speakers may find learning French easier than Japanese. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All second languages are equally challenging for native speakers of English. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supports the idea that learning a second language that is similar to the first language is easier. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pronunciation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The more similar a second language is to the first language, the easier it is to learn. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Korean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significantly improve the learning speed of a second language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deductive reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memorization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequential introduction of languages, with the second language following the first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each parent speaks only one language to the child, regardless of the language spoken by the other parent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To discuss strategies for teaching reading in a bilingual setting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual children go through identical stages of language development as monolingual children, although the rate of acquisition may differ. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codeswitching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learner's age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater similarity leads to faster acquisition, as fewer new concepts need to be learned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These stages are characterized by a deliberate switch between the two languages as needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual children primarily switch between languages, similar to adult language learners, rather than blending them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning Japanese would be significantly more challenging due to its distinct syntax compared to English. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes the influence of the learner's first language on their acquisition of the second language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person fluent in spoken Chinese and gestures but not a formal sign language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early research suggested that bilingualism slowed native language development and might hinder intellectual growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labov and other researchers in the 1960s and 1970s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She penalized them for not using standard English (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning two languages simultaneously can lead to difficulty in fully mastering either language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By fourth or fifth grade, their French skills were comparable to native speakers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased global travel and growing ethnic pride movements contributed to a reassessment of bilingualism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused no loss in native English language development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Switzerland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global travel and ethnic pride movements have led to greater appreciation for linguistic diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher creativity scores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person who only understands a second language but cannot speak it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of interaction with native speakers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning two languages simultaneously may lead to slower development in both languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple, improvised language used for communication between speakers of different languages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peal and Lambert's research suggested that bilingualism enhances mental flexibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were biased because they did not account for participants' language proficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An adult moves to a new country and learns the local language to communicate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ellen Bialystok's research demonstrated that older bilinguals could perform as well as younger monolinguals in fluid intelligence tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of dementia in older adults. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequential bilingualism involves learning languages at different times, while simultaneous bilingualism involves learning languages at the same time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early bilingualism provides significant cognitive benefits, leading to improved linguistic and cognitive skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child is exposed to English at school and Arabic at home from birth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneous bilingualism involves learning two languages at the same time, while sequential bilingualism involves learning one language after the other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The period when a child is learning a second language but avoids speaking it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children tend to overgeneralize grammar rules in the second language, while adults are more careful. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children fully abandon the first language as they master the second language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second language learning process always completely replaces the first language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An adult decides to learn Spanish after being fluent in English. (A), A family moves to a new country and the children learn the local language while still retaining their native tongue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immigrants often learn the language of the new country to integrate into their adopted community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children always speak the second language perfectly and without errors from the beginning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching both languages without parental involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning the basic principles of reading in the first language helps them apply it to the second. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using parental involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can prevent parents from using flashcards effectively in teaching reading. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual children's language development generally follows a similar pattern to that of monolingual children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deductive reasoning involves forming general hypotheses before testing specific rules, which is the opposite of how language acquisition works. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This approach requires one parent to speak one language to the child and the other parent to speak a different language to the child. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both parents speak two languages to the child. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides consistent exposure to each language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their speech often resembles the telegraphic speech of first-language learners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emerging stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>English, Japanese, and Russian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The language primarily used in the child's home environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete fluency in both languages is not guaranteed, and may vary depending on individual factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A language learning environment where a child is exposed to two languages from one person.

A language learning environment where a child learns one language from each parent.

Children can become fluent in two languages by ages 3 or 4.

Children in the 1P–1L situation learn languages faster compared to 1P–2L.

Children can learn three languages simultaneously from parents and grandparents.

Bilingual children follow similar developmental paths as monolingual children.

Bilingual infants may prefer one language as they grow older.

Bilingual infants acquire sounds of their native languages at the same rate as monolinguals.

Bilinguals progress from one-word to complex sentences in both languages.

Switching between languages during conversation, common in bilingual speakers.

The old belief that bilingual children mix two languages into one system.

Now seen as switching between two language systems rather than mixing them into one.

The influence of the first language on the learning of a second language.

More similar first and second languages lead to easier learning.

Learning a language is easier with similar syntax, e.g., French vs. Japanese after English.

Children who learn two languages at the same time but may not code-switch as much.

The degree to which two languages share features such as syntax and vocabulary.

An increase in ease of learning due to similarities between first and second languages.

The classification of nouns as masculine or feminine, influencing language structure.

Requirement to indicate plurality in nouns, impacting language learning.

Common words between languages that facilitate second language acquisition.

Similar structure of sentences in different languages that aids learning.

The influence of a first language on the learning of a second language.

Difficulties in articulating sounds that differ between languages.

A phrase consisting of a preposition followed by its noun object.

The preposition 'at' correctly follows the noun it is associated with in English.

The typical word order in Japanese is Adverbials + Subject + Object + Verb.

A mistake in language production due to the influence of a first language structure.

'Now Tom happy is.' shows Japanese order in English.

Mistakes made by applying second language rules too broadly.

'Afterwards they ate the dinner.' shows wrong article use in English.

Mistakes stemming from applying first language rules to a second language.

Using knowledge from the first language to aid second language learning.

Techniques used to maintain conversation and enhance learning.

Applying a rule of the second language incorrectly in contexts.

Creating new terms when lacking the proper word in the second language.

Chances to receive linguistic exposure through speaking.

Techniques to assist in learning a second language.

The process of gaining proficiency in a language other than one’s first.

Checking if hypotheses about the target language are correct.

Forming hypotheses about a second language based on known languages.

Using general principles to solve specific language problems.

Repetition, rehearsal, and imitation to enhance skills.

Using mnemonic devices and repeated review for language retention.

Being aware of one’s errors and how messages are received by others.

A method where each parent speaks a different language to the child.

Teaching to read one language before introducing the second.

Bilingualism includes knowing two languages in the same or different modalities.

A bilingual who can read and write in a second language but cannot speak it.

Switzerland is the country with four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh.

In early 20th century, critics believed bilingualism caused native language delay and cognitive retardation.

Attitudes toward bilingualism improved because of global travel and ethnic pride movements.

The primary concern is difficulty in learning both languages fully at an early age.

A bilingual individual knows two languages in the same or different modalities.

Bilingualism is recognized in countries with multiple official languages, like Switzerland.

Demonstrated non-standard dialects' complexity compared to standard dialects.

Penalized Hawaiian children for not using standard English in assessments.

Bilingual children showed no loss in native English skills during immersion.

Children in French immersion showed higher creativity scores compared to peers.

Some bilinguals struggle to reach expert levels due to lack of native interaction.

Bilingual children in French immersion reached French skills comparable to natives by grade 5.

Smith's study incorrectly claimed bilingual children made more English errors than monolinguals.

Positive report of bilingualism showing no English skill loss and enhanced creativity.

When a person learns a second language after having acquired their first language.

Both children and adults can experience sequential bilingualism.

The second language starts after a significant amount of the first language is learned.

The silent period is a common stage where children may not speak much as they process a new language.

Children can learn English fluently while continuing to speak their home language.

When a child learns two languages from birth in the home environment.

It's false that the first language stops developing when the second language is introduced.

Children progress from using gestures to communicating in the second language.

Speech characterized by short, simple phrases, common in early language development.

Sequential bilingualism does not guarantee complete fluency in both languages.

In simultaneous bilingualism, a child is exposed to two languages from birth.

During the silent stage, children often stop using their home language outside the house.

The use of gestures for communication occurs in the second stage of sequential bilingualism.

In the 1P–2L situation, parents speak two languages to their child.

This scenario describes three languages spoken to children by one parent only, in different settings.

Teaching one language first, before introducing a second language.

Teaching two languages at once can confuse children due to different systems.

The first language taught should be the one vital for the child's community.

The first language helps children grasp reading basics for learning a second language.

Effective language learning methods include repetition, rehearsal, and imitation.

The most relevant language for reading should reflect community use for better integration.

Teaching two languages simultaneously is not recommended due to confusion.

Bilingualism has beneficial effects on intelligence and cognitive abilities.

Early intelligence tests were biased due to lack of language proficiency consideration.

Peal and Lambert suggested that bilingualism enhances mental flexibility.

Bialystok showed older bilinguals can perform as well as younger monolinguals in fluid intelligence tasks.

Research supports early bilingualism for cognitive and linguistic benefits.

Goddard's study did not use a culturally fair intelligence test for immigrants.