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What technological advancement significantly contributed to the expansion of land-based empires between 1450 and 1750?
What technological advancement significantly contributed to the expansion of land-based empires between 1450 and 1750?
Which dynasty succeeded the Ming Dynasty in China?
Which dynasty succeeded the Ming Dynasty in China?
Which empire was known for its cultural tolerance under the rule of Akbar?
Which empire was known for its cultural tolerance under the rule of Akbar?
What was one of the main strategies used by land-based empires to maintain power during this period?
What was one of the main strategies used by land-based empires to maintain power during this period?
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Which conflict exemplified political and religious rivalries between land empires during this period?
Which conflict exemplified political and religious rivalries between land empires during this period?
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Which social structure was present in the Mughal Empire?
Which social structure was present in the Mughal Empire?
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What role did the jizya tax play in the land-based empires?
What role did the jizya tax play in the land-based empires?
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Which empire is known for having established a centralized government to aid in its expansion?
Which empire is known for having established a centralized government to aid in its expansion?
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What was one of the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb?
What was one of the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb?
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What characteristic defined the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century?
What characteristic defined the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century?
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What two main issues did the Safavid Empire face?
What two main issues did the Safavid Empire face?
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How did Shah Abbas I use Shi’a Islam in the Safavid Empire?
How did Shah Abbas I use Shi’a Islam in the Safavid Empire?
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What was one method land-based empires used to legitimize the authority of their rulers?
What was one method land-based empires used to legitimize the authority of their rulers?
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What was a key method used by land-based empires to maintain power?
What was a key method used by land-based empires to maintain power?
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What role did monumental architecture play in land-based empires?
What role did monumental architecture play in land-based empires?
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During which period did the Ottoman Empire reach its major power?
During which period did the Ottoman Empire reach its major power?
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Which of the following tax systems was used by the Ottoman Empire?
Which of the following tax systems was used by the Ottoman Empire?
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What contributed to the weakenment of the Safavid economy?
What contributed to the weakenment of the Safavid economy?
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How did the European notion of divine right support land-based empires?
How did the European notion of divine right support land-based empires?
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Which statement best describes Aurangzeb's approach to Hindu influence?
Which statement best describes Aurangzeb's approach to Hindu influence?
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What was a characteristic of the Mexica practice related to religion?
What was a characteristic of the Mexica practice related to religion?
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Why was monumental architecture considered a strategic asset for rulers?
Why was monumental architecture considered a strategic asset for rulers?
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of Qing imperial portraits?
Which of the following statements best describes the function of Qing imperial portraits?
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What was a method employed by the Ming Dynasty to collect taxes?
What was a method employed by the Ming Dynasty to collect taxes?
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What was a significant outcome of the Protestant Reformation?
What was a significant outcome of the Protestant Reformation?
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Which tax-collection method was specifically used by the Mughals?
Which tax-collection method was specifically used by the Mughals?
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What was one of the political effects of the Protestant Reformation?
What was one of the political effects of the Protestant Reformation?
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Which of the following tax-collection systems involved collecting tribute?
Which of the following tax-collection systems involved collecting tribute?
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What social change was influenced by the Protestant Reformation?
What social change was influenced by the Protestant Reformation?
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Which empire used a system of tax farming?
Which empire used a system of tax farming?
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How did Sikhism develop in South Asia?
How did Sikhism develop in South Asia?
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What was a cultural impact of the Protestant Reformation?
What was a cultural impact of the Protestant Reformation?
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What was a significant influence of the Protestant Reformation on subsequent historical events?
What was a significant influence of the Protestant Reformation on subsequent historical events?
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What is the primary reason for the split between Sunni and Shi’a groups after Muhammad's death?
What is the primary reason for the split between Sunni and Shi’a groups after Muhammad's death?
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How did the Sunni and Shi’a split intensify during the 1450-1750 period?
How did the Sunni and Shi’a split intensify during the 1450-1750 period?
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In what manner did Sikhism develop in relation to the Mughal Empire?
In what manner did Sikhism develop in relation to the Mughal Empire?
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What ideological concept did the Protestant Reformation primarily promote that affected later events?
What ideological concept did the Protestant Reformation primarily promote that affected later events?
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Which assertion accurately describes a major characteristic of the Sunni and Shi’a divide?
Which assertion accurately describes a major characteristic of the Sunni and Shi’a divide?
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What role did military rivalry play in the relationship between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires?
What role did military rivalry play in the relationship between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires?
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What was a direct result of the Protestant Reformation on societal attitudes?
What was a direct result of the Protestant Reformation on societal attitudes?
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What was a primary reason for the establishment of political authority in land-based empires before 1450?
What was a primary reason for the establishment of political authority in land-based empires before 1450?
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In what way did monumental art and architecture contribute to legitimizing political authority between 1450 and 1750?
In what way did monumental art and architecture contribute to legitimizing political authority between 1450 and 1750?
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How did rulers in land-based empires manage diverse populations from 1450 to 1750?
How did rulers in land-based empires manage diverse populations from 1450 to 1750?
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Which method was commonly used by rulers to reinforce their power before 1750?
Which method was commonly used by rulers to reinforce their power before 1750?
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What role did temples and monuments play in land-based empires?
What role did temples and monuments play in land-based empires?
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What impact did religious beliefs have on land-based empires' political authority after 1750?
What impact did religious beliefs have on land-based empires' political authority after 1750?
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What consequence did the hierarchical structure of land-based empires have on their populations?
What consequence did the hierarchical structure of land-based empires have on their populations?
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Which of the following was NOT a reason for conflicts arising in land-based empires?
Which of the following was NOT a reason for conflicts arising in land-based empires?
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Study Notes
Land-Based Empires (1450-1750)
- Imperial expansion relied on gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade.
- Land empires included Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid.
- Political and religious conflicts led to state rivalries.
- Examples of state rivalries: Safavid-Mughal conflict, Songhai-Morocco conflict.
Empire Expansion (1450-1750)
- Conquering territories
- Centralized government
- Cultural tolerance (especially with gunpowder empires)
- Economic gain through trade.
Qing Dynasty (1368-1911)
- Ming Dynasty (1368) stabilized East Asia initially
- Portuguese and other Europeans tried to expand trade with Asia.
- Manchu (1644) took over and formed Qing Dynasty
- Manchu aimed to maintain power by keeping out invaders.
Mughal Empire
- Rich, well-governed, trade flourished under Akbar.
- Merchant castes involved in banking and production.
- Strict social hierarchy (Hindu castes).
- Aurangzeb inherited a weakened empire leading to decline.
- Aurangzeb's attempts to reduce Hindu influence.
Ottoman Empire
- Major power by the 15th century.
- Largest and longest-lasting Islamic empire.
- Lasted over 600 years.
- Mehmed II strengthened forces (army, navy, waterways) and expanded the state.
Safavid Empire
- Ismail (14-15 years old) conquered Persia in the 1500s.
- Lacked a navy and natural defenses.
- Shah Abbas I (1588-1629) used Shi'a Islam for unity.
- Women were veiled and restricted (traditional).
- Ineffective leadership and spending led to a weakened economy.
Land-Based Empires: Administration (1450-1750)
- Military professionals were used for maintaining power.
- Religious ideas, art, and architecture were used to legitimize rule.
- Monuments and architecture symbolized wealth and authority.
- Revenue generation was through tribute collection, tax farming, and innovative tax systems.
Land-Based Empires: Belief Systems (1450-1750)
- Protestant Reformation broke from existing Christian traditions.
- Protestant and Catholic Reformations contributed to the growth of Christianity.
- Political rivalries affected the split between Sunni and Shi'a Islam.
- Sikhism developed in South Asia (interaction between Hinduism and Islam).
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Description
Explore the dynamics of land-based empires from 1450 to 1750, including the impact of gunpowder and trade on imperial expansion. Learn about the significant empires such as the Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid, and the challenges they faced from political and religious conflicts. Dive into examples of rivalries and the effects of centralized governance on these vast territories.
