Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can cause an increase in white blood cell (WBC) count?
What can cause an increase in white blood cell (WBC) count?
Which condition is associated with low potassium levels?
Which condition is associated with low potassium levels?
What effect does adrenal insufficiency have on sodium levels?
What effect does adrenal insufficiency have on sodium levels?
Which of the following can cause an increase in total cholesterol?
Which of the following can cause an increase in total cholesterol?
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Which factor is unlikely to cause an increase in white blood cell count?
Which factor is unlikely to cause an increase in white blood cell count?
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What can lead to decreased levels of sodium?
What can lead to decreased levels of sodium?
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Which condition is a known cause of increased potassium levels?
Which condition is a known cause of increased potassium levels?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased white blood cell count?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased white blood cell count?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Values Study Guide
- WBC (White Blood Cells): Normal range is 4,500-10,000 per mm³.
Potassium
- Normal range: 3.5-5.3 mEq/L
- Increased levels: Infection, inflammation, leukemia, trauma, stress, tissue necrosis, renal failure, potassium-sparing diuretics, excess potassium intake, adrenal insufficiency, severe tissue trauma (burns), starvation, impaired thirst mechanism, and profuse sweating.
- Decreased levels: Bone marrow depression, overwhelming infection, viral infection, immunosuppression, autoimmune disease, potassium-depleting diuretics, corticosteroid use, excessive vomiting, acidosis, gastric suctioning, and heart failure.
Sodium
- Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L
- Increased levels: Are not mentioned.
Total Cholesterol
- Normal range: <200 mg/dL
- Increased levels: Diets high in cholesterol and fats, obesity, family history, alcoholism.
Platelets
- Normal range: 150,000-450,000/µL
- Decreased levels: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, alcoholism, aplastic anemia, leukemia, chemotherapy, and radiation.
PT (Prothrombin Time)
- Normal range: 10-13 seconds
- Increased levels: Liver disease, biliary obstruction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, poor fat absorption, vitamin K deficiency, and certain antibiotics.
- Decreased levels: Increased absorption of vitamin K, increased dietary intake of vitamin K.
INR (International Normalized Ratio)
- Normal range: <1.1
- Increased levels: Therapeutic level is 2-3 for most patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)
- Normal range: 60-70 seconds
- Increased levels: Hepatic disease, deficiencies in intrinsic clotting mechanisms, and vitamin K deficiency.
- Decreased levels: Are not explicitly mentioned.
aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)
- Normal range: 20-35 seconds
- Increased levels: Therapeutic level is 1.5-2.5 times longer than the normal value for most patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.
Glucose
- Normal range: <100 mg/dL
- Increased levels: Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, acute stress reaction, chronic kidney disease, severe liver disease, pancreatitis, and certain medications like Cushing's syndrome.
- Decreased levels: Acute alcohol ingestion, hypothyroidism, starvation, and Addison's disease.
HgbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)
- Normal range: <5.7%
- Increased levels: Diabetes, pregnancy, splenectomy.
- Decreased levels: Chronic blood loss, chronic kidney disease, anemia, pregnancy, dehydration, COPD, heart failure. and Polycythemia vera.
Hemoglobin
- Male normal range: 13-18 g/dL
- Female normal range: 12-16 g/dL
- Decreased levels: Chronic blood loss, chronic kidney disease, anemia, and pregnancy.
- Increased levels: Are not explicitly mentioned.
Hematocrit
- Male normal range: 38-48%
- Female normal range: 35-44%
- Decreased levels: Chronic blood loss, chronic kidney disease, anemia, and pregnancy.
- Increased levels: Are not explicitly mentioned.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
- Normal range: 10-20 mg/dL
- Increased levels: Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, dehydration, excessive protein ingestion, and starvation.
- Decreased levels: Inadequate dietary protein intake, overhydration, malnutrition.
Creatinine
- Normal range: 0.5-1.2 mg/dL
- Increased levels: Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, certain medications, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, rhabdomyolysis, severe liver disease and decreased muscle mass due to aging or debilitating disease.
- Decreased levels: Are not explicitly mentioned.
ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases)
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- pCO2: 35-45 mmHg
- HCO3⁻: 22-28 mEq/L
- Interpretation is handled in class lectures.
- Important Note:* Normal values may vary between different testing agencies. Always consult with a healthcare professional for specific interpretations of your lab results.
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Description
This quiz covers essential laboratory values including WBC, potassium, sodium, total cholesterol, and platelets, along with their normal ranges and implications of elevated or decreased levels. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field looking to test their knowledge on lab values and their significance.
