Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of using labware?
What is the primary purpose of using labware?
All labware is made from glass.
All labware is made from glass.
False
Name one type of glass used for laboratory glassware that is resistant to heat and cold shock.
Name one type of glass used for laboratory glassware that is resistant to heat and cold shock.
Borosilicate glass
Plastic containers are typically _____ resistant and lightweight.
Plastic containers are typically _____ resistant and lightweight.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following glass is often used when excellent light transmission is required?
Which of the following glass is often used when excellent light transmission is required?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the types of labware with their functions:
Match the types of labware with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Most labware today is designed to be reused multiple times.
Most labware today is designed to be reused multiple times.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of plastic is known for being heat resistant?
What type of plastic is known for being heat resistant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of Class A glassware?
What is the primary characteristic of Class A glassware?
Signup and view all the answers
Beakers are more accurate than graduated cylinders for measuring volumes.
Beakers are more accurate than graduated cylinders for measuring volumes.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one type of Class A glassware.
Name one type of Class A glassware.
Signup and view all the answers
Reagent bottles should be slightly larger than the volume of the ______.
Reagent bottles should be slightly larger than the volume of the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following labware with their descriptions:
Match the following labware with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of plastic bottle should be used for light-sensitive reagents?
Which type of plastic bottle should be used for light-sensitive reagents?
Signup and view all the answers
Test tubes can only be made of glass.
Test tubes can only be made of glass.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the markings on a beaker?
What is the purpose of the markings on a beaker?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Standard Precautions primarily aim to prevent?
What do Standard Precautions primarily aim to prevent?
Signup and view all the answers
Hand washing is only necessary when gloves are not worn.
Hand washing is only necessary when gloves are not worn.
Signup and view all the answers
Name two situations where gloves should be worn.
Name two situations where gloves should be worn.
Signup and view all the answers
Standard Precautions are often practiced in _____ care settings.
Standard Precautions are often practiced in _____ care settings.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the body fluids with how they might be transmitted:
Match the body fluids with how they might be transmitted:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT included in Standard Precautions?
Which of the following is NOT included in Standard Precautions?
Signup and view all the answers
Waterless antiseptic agents should contain _____% alcohol to be effective.
Waterless antiseptic agents should contain _____% alcohol to be effective.
Signup and view all the answers
Washing hands before putting on gloves is unnecessary.
Washing hands before putting on gloves is unnecessary.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of transmission-based precaution?
Which of the following is NOT a type of transmission-based precaution?
Signup and view all the answers
Universal precautions state that all blood and body fluids are considered potentially infectious.
Universal precautions state that all blood and body fluids are considered potentially infectious.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of protective/reverse isolation?
What is the purpose of protective/reverse isolation?
Signup and view all the answers
Pants worn by laboratory personnel should be worn _____ to prevent contamination.
Pants worn by laboratory personnel should be worn _____ to prevent contamination.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following isolation types with their descriptions:
Match the following isolation types with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
The biohazard symbol indicates:
The biohazard symbol indicates:
Signup and view all the answers
Body substance isolation is the same as universal precautions.
Body substance isolation is the same as universal precautions.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three types of transmission-based precautions?
What are the three types of transmission-based precautions?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done with contaminated mop up pads or towels from a Perchloric Acid spill?
What should be done with contaminated mop up pads or towels from a Perchloric Acid spill?
Signup and view all the answers
Sodium Citrate is used to neutralize acidic spills.
Sodium Citrate is used to neutralize acidic spills.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one disinfectant that can be used for biohazardous material spills.
Name one disinfectant that can be used for biohazardous material spills.
Signup and view all the answers
In the event of a flammable solvent spill, apply __________ from the perimeter inward.
In the event of a flammable solvent spill, apply __________ from the perimeter inward.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following spill categories with their corresponding treatment materials:
Match the following spill categories with their corresponding treatment materials:
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended practice after removing gloves?
What is a recommended practice after removing gloves?
Signup and view all the answers
It is safe to re-cap needles after use.
It is safe to re-cap needles after use.
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done with used needles and other sharps?
What should be done with used needles and other sharps?
Signup and view all the answers
Always wear proper __________ equipment when handling biohazards.
Always wear proper __________ equipment when handling biohazards.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following protective equipment to their purposes:
Match the following protective equipment to their purposes:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following should be done with reusable equipment after use?
Which of the following should be done with reusable equipment after use?
Signup and view all the answers
It is unnecessary to follow guidelines for handwashing when using chemicals.
It is unnecessary to follow guidelines for handwashing when using chemicals.
Signup and view all the answers
What action should be taken if exposed to blood or body fluids through a needlestick injury?
What action should be taken if exposed to blood or body fluids through a needlestick injury?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Labware
- Glassware has various shapes and sizes, with many functions.
- It's used in specific test procedures or for preparing and storing reagents.
- Recently, plastic containers are also common labware, encompassing both glass and plastic.
- Most modern labware is designed for single use, eliminating contamination from previous use.
- Common types of labware include bottles, beakers, flasks, test tubes, graduated cylinders, and pipettes.
Glassware
- Laboratory glassware can be made from many types of glass.
- Flint glass is inexpensive but has limited resistance to heat and chemicals.
- Borosilicate glass is non-reactive with most chemicals, resists heat and cold shock, and can be heat sterilized. It's commonly known as Pyrex or Kimax.
- Quartz glass or silica glass is expensive and used when excellent light transmission without distortion is needed.
Plasticware
- Plastic containers are lightweight, impact and corrosion-resistant.
- Three common plastics used in labware are polyethylene and polystyrene (both are clear and inexpensive but not heat resistant), and polypropylene (milky or opaque appearance, heat resistant).
Types and Functions of Labware
- Labware like bottles, beakers, test tubes, and some flasks are used for noncritical measurements (estimates, approximations).
- Noncritical glassware is divided into approximate (beakers, flasks) and measuring (graduated cylinders, serological pipettes) types.
- Other labware is designed to strict standards for precise measurements (called Class A).
- Class A glassware is calibrated and manufactured by NIST standards. The labware comes with a calibration certificate.
- Volumetric flasks and volumetric pipettes are included in Class A glassware. These are marked with capacity tolerance limits (error limits/error tolerances).
Bottles
- Reagent bottles come in various sizes and types.
- Plastic bottles are suitable for reagents that don't interact with plastic.
- Reagent bottles should only be slightly larger than the volume of the reagent.
- Light-sensitive reagents are stored in brown plastic or glass bottles.
Test Tubes
- Test tubes exist in various shapes and sizes.
- They are made of plastic or glass.
- Test tubes are used in diverse lab procedures.
- They can be used to hold blood, urine, plasma, and serum.
Beakers
- Beakers are wide, straight-sided containers with a spout at the top.
- They're typically used for estimating liquid volumes, mixing solutions, or holding liquids.
- Beakers are labeled to indicate their approximate capacity. The capacity label on a beaker often includes a plus or minus percentage to account for potential measurement error.
Graduated Cylinders
- Graduated cylinders are upright, straight-sided containers with a flared base and a volume scale.
- Graduated cylinders provide more accurate measurements compared to beakers and flasks.
- They're not commonly used for precise measurements but are useful for estimating volumes.
- Graduated cylinders come in various capacities ranging upward from 5 ml.
Flasks
- Flasks are containers with an enlarged body and a narrow neck.
- Common types of flasks include Erlenmeyer and Volumetric flasks.
Erlenmeyer Flasks
- Erlenmeyer flasks have a flat bottom and sloping sides that gradually narrow.
- A bottle-like opening (typically with a stopper or cap) that can be stoppered or have a screw cap for closing. The opening of the flask can vary from plain to having a threaded cap.
- Often used for holding liquids, mixing solutions, or measuring noncritical values.
Volumetric Flasks
- Volumetric flasks are pear-shaped with a narrow neck.
- Volumetric flasks are designed to hold a specific volume at a specific temperature (usually 20°C).
- They are used for making critical measurements since they are precise and standardized according to NIST calibration requirements.
Centrifuges
- Centrifuges are instruments that spin samples at high speed to separate heavier particles from lighter ones (usually in a tube).
- Centrifuges are commonly used to separate serum from plasma and can be used to obtain urine sediment.
- Centrifuge components and the types are called rotors.
- Types of centrifuges include fixed-angle (slant), horizontal (flat-top), ultra (high-speed), and temperature (37°C or 4°C).
- Proper operation: ensure tubes are balanced, follow manufacturer instructions and precautions.
- Never attempt to stop a moving rotor manually.
Microscope
- Microscopes are instruments that magnify small objects like cells and microorganisms.
- At least one lens is used to magnify an object's image when using a microscope.
- This lens bends light towards the eye, and makes the object appear larger than it actually is.
- Types of microscopes include polarized light microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, fluorescent microscopes, darkfield microscopes, inverted microscopes, and electron microscopes.
Pipetting
- Pipettes extract, transport, and dispense liquid samples.
- Air displacement pipettes are precise and useful for many common applications.
- Positive displacement pipettes are used in applications like PCR and other DNA amplification techniques.
Cleaning Glassware
- Clean glassware as soon as possible after the experiment to avoid residual contamination.
- Deionized water is often used to remove traces of contaminants and solutions.
- Liquinox or Alconox detergents are better than regular dishwashing detergents for lab glassware.
- For different solutions and chemical types, appropriate cleaning methods are needed.
How to wash out common lab Chemicals
- Water-soluble solutions (e.g., sodium chloride or sucrose solutions): Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water.
- Water-insoluble solutions (e.g., solutions in hexane or chloroform): Rinse 2-3 times with ethanol/acetone, then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water.
- Strong acids: Carefully rinse with copious tap water and then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water in a fume hood.
- Strong bases: Carefully rinse with copious tap water and then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water in a fume hood.
- Weak acids and bases: Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then tap water in a fume hood.
- Biohazardous materials: Autoclave first to decontaminate the material, then wash with detergent and water.
Washing special glassware
- Rinsing special glassware like burets and pipettes, usually requires special consideration.
- Burets may require thoroughly washing in hot soapy water.
- Pipettes and volumetric flasks may need soaking in soapy water for better cleaning.
Drying or not drying glassware
- Not drying glassware may result in impurities, especially if you're adding water to the glassware later.
- Triple rinse the glassware with the desired solution when using water could affect the final solution concentration.
- A quick dry method with acetone can be used when immediate use of glassware is needed (rinse with acetone 2-3 times).
Glassware washing: Hand vs Machine
- Hand washing of glassware requires specialized procedure based on specific chemistry.
- Automatic residential dishwashers or commercial automatic laboratory glassware washers are useful to clean glassware.
- Automatic laboratory glassware washers usually require appropriate cleaning agents and a high temperature option depending on the material to be cleaned.
Infection Control
- Infection is when a microbe invades, multiplies, and damages the body.
- Pathogens are microbes capable of causing disease, which can be spread through various ways.
- Endemic diseases are commonly found in a particular region.
- An outbreak is a sudden increase in cases beyond expectations.
- Epidemics are widespread outbreaks affecting many within communities, regions, or populations with a number of infections significantly higher than usual.
- Pandemics are epidemics spreading across continents and affecting populations significantly.
- HAIs (healthcare-associated infections) are infections acquired in hospitals or other healthcare settings.
- Transmission can happen when microbes leave a host, are transferred via contact, or when airborne particles or vectors carry it to others.
- Common precautions minimize infection spread.
Safety
- Biosafety refers to the precautions to reduce the risk of transmission and protect from hazards caused by chemicals, needlestick, or exposure to blood or pathogens.
- Biohazards are materials that can harm health.
- Routes of exposure to hazards include airborne transmission, ingestion, nonintact skin contact, percutaneous contact, and permucosal contact.
- Bloodborne pathogens are crucial to prevent.
- OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen standard is vital for prevention, including engineering controls, PPE, training, and medical surveillance.
- The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act requires revisions to standards, employee input, and new record-keeping requirements.
- Procedures should be put in place for handling exposure situations.
- Standard Precautions and Transmission-based Precautions are relevant in situations where patients or employees are exposed to infectious materials.
Chemical Hazards
- Chemicals can present various hazards like being toxic, flammable, caustic, corrosive, carcinogenic, or mutagenic.
- Chemical hygiene plans are crucial in preventing chemical exposure hazards.
- Procedures for the safe use of chemicals in the lab should be followed.
- Gloves, eyewear, and other protective gear must be used, and chemical spills must be cleaned up promptly and properly, especially using appropriate spill kits and methods.
Electrical Safety
- Electricity is a source and cause of a high proportion of fires. Electrical shocks and burns can happen, resulting in serious health problems, possible fatality.
- Practise precautions to minimise the danger of electrical shock and/or electrical fires.
- Use appropriate electrical equipment, follow safety procedures, and avoid risks.
Fire Safety
- Fires in laboratories can occur because of the presence of flammable materials, such as combustible materials, and the presence of oxygen in combination with ignition sources and a chemical reaction.
- Keep combustible materials separated.
- Use well-ventilated areas to store flammable items.
- Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources.
- Class A fires is a class of fire that involves ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, or cloth.
- Class B fires involve flammable liquids or gases.
- Class C fires involve electrical equipment.
- Class D fires involve combustible or reactive metals.
- Class K fires involve cooking oils, fats, or greases.
- The PASS technique is a common method to operate fire extinguishers.
Radiation Safety
- Radiation safety is crucial to use safe handling techniques when using materials, especially when working in areas using radioactive materials or in research settings.
- Radiation exposure can cause damage to tissues and result in illnesses.
- Procedures should be followed to ensure proper handling of radioactive materials.
Laboratory Spill Cleanup
- A successful lab spill clean-up involves properly identifying and securing the area, properly using spill kits, and appropriate procedures.
- A spill kit contains various materials and should be available in the lab.
- Appropriate procedures for different types of spills should be followed, and staff need to know how to use the appropriate spill kit and handling techniques.
Other notes
- Several diagrams demonstrate the types of labware and equipment used for proper handling of potentially infectious or hazardous substances.
- The details associated with how the different types of transmission-based precaution methods are appropriate to use depending on the circumstances.
- The information on using chemicals, PPE, and other safety measures is relevant for the health and safety of people in lab settings.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on laboratory glassware and plastic usage with this comprehensive quiz. Covering various types, functions, and characteristics, this quiz challenges your understanding of lab materials essential for scientific work. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of chemistry or laboratory practices.
