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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of keys in agricultural machinery, as defined by PAES 304:2000?
What is the primary function of keys in agricultural machinery, as defined by PAES 304:2000?
- To act as a sacrificial component in case of overload, protecting other parts.
- To lubricate rotating shafts reducing friction and wear.
- To facilitate the alignment of different machine components during assembly.
- To prevent relative movement between rotating members and their shafts. (correct)
Which types of keys are specified for use in agricultural machines according to PAES 304:2000?
Which types of keys are specified for use in agricultural machines according to PAES 304:2000?
- Only parallel keys made of stainless steel.
- Only taper keys made of hardened steel.
- Square keys, round keys, and feather keys made of any type of steel.
- Parallel keys, taper keys, and Woodruff keys made of steel. (correct)
PAES 304:2000 is based on which international standard?
PAES 304:2000 is based on which international standard?
- JIS B 1301:1996, Keys and their corresponding keyways. (correct)
- ASME B107.1, Keys and Keyways.
- ANSI B92.1, Involute Splines.
- ISO 9001:2015, Quality Management Systems.
According to the foreword, which organization initiated the development of PAES 304:2000?
According to the foreword, which organization initiated the development of PAES 304:2000?
What aspect of keys and keyways is specifically covered by PAES 304:2000?
What aspect of keys and keyways is specifically covered by PAES 304:2000?
Besides PAES 304:2000, which other PAES standard is directly referenced in the document?
Besides PAES 304:2000, which other PAES standard is directly referenced in the document?
What should an engineer consult to determine the appropriate dimensions and tolerances for a parallel key used in a farm tractor's power take-off (PTO) shaft, according to the standards?
What should an engineer consult to determine the appropriate dimensions and tolerances for a parallel key used in a farm tractor's power take-off (PTO) shaft, according to the standards?
During the development of PAES 304:2000, which of the processes listed ensured input from a wide range of stakeholders?
During the development of PAES 304:2000, which of the processes listed ensured input from a wide range of stakeholders?
A Woodruff key is designated as 6x22. What does the '22' in this designation directly represent?
A Woodruff key is designated as 6x22. What does the '22' in this designation directly represent?
For a Woodruff key designated as 4x16, what is the approximate calculated reference length 'l'?
For a Woodruff key designated as 4x16, what is the approximate calculated reference length 'l'?
A machinist needs a Woodruff key with a height 'h' of approximately 10mm. Which key designation from the table would be most suitable?
A machinist needs a Woodruff key with a height 'h' of approximately 10mm. Which key designation from the table would be most suitable?
Which dimension of a Woodruff key corresponds to the depth of the keyway cut into the shaft?
Which dimension of a Woodruff key corresponds to the depth of the keyway cut into the shaft?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with the largest possible width 'b' listed in the table, what would be the appropriate key designation?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with the largest possible width 'b' listed in the table, what would be the appropriate key designation?
A technician is using a 7x38 Woodruff key. What is the difference between the key's total height ('h') and the height ('h1') that sits within the shaft keyway?
A technician is using a 7x38 Woodruff key. What is the difference between the key's total height ('h') and the height ('h1') that sits within the shaft keyway?
What happens to the reference length ('l') of a Woodruff key as the outer diameter ('dO') increases, assuming the width ('b') is held constant?
What happens to the reference length ('l') of a Woodruff key as the outer diameter ('dO') increases, assuming the width ('b') is held constant?
According to the provided information, what principle should guide the selection of keyway dimensions in new designs?
According to the provided information, what principle should guide the selection of keyway dimensions in new designs?
A 6x28 Woodruff key is selected. How does the 'h1' dimension change if a 6x32 key is used instead?
A 6x28 Woodruff key is selected. How does the 'h1' dimension change if a 6x32 key is used instead?
For a Woodruff key with a nominal dimension of 5x19, what is the corresponding basic dimension of t1, according to the table?
For a Woodruff key with a nominal dimension of 5x19, what is the corresponding basic dimension of t1, according to the table?
In a scenario where higher torque transmission is needed through a shaft, which Woodruff key dimension should ideally be increased, assuming the shaft diameter remains constant and the key material is unchanged?
In a scenario where higher torque transmission is needed through a shaft, which Woodruff key dimension should ideally be increased, assuming the shaft diameter remains constant and the key material is unchanged?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with a $d_1$ dimension of 22mm, what are the possible nominal key dimensions that could be selected based on the table?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with a $d_1$ dimension of 22mm, what are the possible nominal key dimensions that could be selected based on the table?
A mechanical engineer is designing a system using a Woodruff key and needs a key with a $b_1$ dimension of 7mm. Referring to the table, what is the range of possible $d_1$ dimensions available for selection?
A mechanical engineer is designing a system using a Woodruff key and needs a key with a $b_1$ dimension of 7mm. Referring to the table, what is the range of possible $d_1$ dimensions available for selection?
A designer needs a key that provides the deepest possible keyway in the shaft, but is constrained to using a key with a width ('b') of 7mm. Which key should they select?
A designer needs a key that provides the deepest possible keyway in the shaft, but is constrained to using a key with a width ('b') of 7mm. Which key should they select?
You are tasked with selecting a Woodruff key for an application. You need a key with a $t_2$ dimension close to 3mm. Which of the following nominal key dimensions would be the best choice based solely on $t_2$?
You are tasked with selecting a Woodruff key for an application. You need a key with a $t_2$ dimension close to 3mm. Which of the following nominal key dimensions would be the best choice based solely on $t_2$?
An existing machine uses a Woodruff key with dimensions 4x16. During a repair, the t1 dimension is found to be worn beyond acceptable limits. What is the original, basic dimension of t1 that should be used to select a replacement?
An existing machine uses a Woodruff key with dimensions 4x16. During a repair, the t1 dimension is found to be worn beyond acceptable limits. What is the original, basic dimension of t1 that should be used to select a replacement?
A design calls for a keyway with specific depth, $t_1$ of 10.6mm. According to the table, what nominal key dimension would satisfy this requirement?
A design calls for a keyway with specific depth, $t_1$ of 10.6mm. According to the table, what nominal key dimension would satisfy this requirement?
A table provides dimensions for keyways used with Woodruff keys. What is the meaning of the parenthesized dimensions, such as (3x10), within this table?
A table provides dimensions for keyways used with Woodruff keys. What is the meaning of the parenthesized dimensions, such as (3x10), within this table?
A machinist requires a Woodruff key with a b1 dimension between 5 and 6 mm. Based on the table, what $d_1$ dimensions are available?
A machinist requires a Woodruff key with a b1 dimension between 5 and 6 mm. Based on the table, what $d_1$ dimensions are available?
You are working on a project that requires a keyway with a $t_2$ dimension of approximately 2.8mm. Which of the following key sizes would be most suitable, considering that parenthesized dimensions should be avoided in new designs?
You are working on a project that requires a keyway with a $t_2$ dimension of approximately 2.8mm. Which of the following key sizes would be most suitable, considering that parenthesized dimensions should be avoided in new designs?
A new design requires a Woodruff key. Which of the following nominal dimensions should NOT be used if it's not specified in International Standards?
A new design requires a Woodruff key. Which of the following nominal dimensions should NOT be used if it's not specified in International Standards?
For a shaft diameter of 26 mm needing a Woodruff key, which key size and series would be most appropriate according to the table provided?
For a shaft diameter of 26 mm needing a Woodruff key, which key size and series would be most appropriate according to the table provided?
A design engineer is selecting a Woodruff key for a shaft with a diameter of 17 mm. Considering the provided table, what would be the most suitable key size and series?
A design engineer is selecting a Woodruff key for a shaft with a diameter of 17 mm. Considering the provided table, what would be the most suitable key size and series?
Which nominal key dimension, according to the table, offers the largest shearing cross-sectional area?
Which nominal key dimension, according to the table, offers the largest shearing cross-sectional area?
For a shaft diameter of 33 mm, what Woodruff key size of Series 2 would be most appropriate?
For a shaft diameter of 33 mm, what Woodruff key size of Series 2 would be most appropriate?
An engineer needs to select a Woodruff key with a shearing cross-sectional area closest to 200 $mm^2$. Which key size would be the best choice?
An engineer needs to select a Woodruff key with a shearing cross-sectional area closest to 200 $mm^2$. Which key size would be the best choice?
A shaft has a diameter of 43 mm and requires a Woodruff key. Based on the table, which Series 3 key size is most appropriate?
A shaft has a diameter of 43 mm and requires a Woodruff key. Based on the table, which Series 3 key size is most appropriate?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with a nominal dimension of 3x10, which shaft diameters are permissible according to the table?
If a design requires a Woodruff key with a nominal dimension of 3x10, which shaft diameters are permissible according to the table?
For a shaft with a 21 mm diameter, which Woodruff key size and series would be the MOST suitable choice, considering optimal fit and strength?
For a shaft with a 21 mm diameter, which Woodruff key size and series would be the MOST suitable choice, considering optimal fit and strength?
In a situation where the design requires the strongest key for a shaft of diameter 23mm, which key should be selected?
In a situation where the design requires the strongest key for a shaft of diameter 23mm, which key should be selected?
Which key assembly type is best suited when the shaft and hub need to slide relative to each other in the axial direction?
Which key assembly type is best suited when the shaft and hub need to slide relative to each other in the axial direction?
If a key is designed to shear when it sinks completely into the keyway, to which series does it correspond?
If a key is designed to shear when it sinks completely into the keyway, to which series does it correspond?
What mechanical property is specified for key materials, as per the standard?
What mechanical property is specified for key materials, as per the standard?
What is a crucial material requirement for keys, as per the provided text?
What is a crucial material requirement for keys, as per the provided text?
In an assembly where the key's primary function is to position components but not to transmit torque, which key series is most appropriate?
In an assembly where the key's primary function is to position components but not to transmit torque, which key series is most appropriate?
Which of the following is a mandatory marking requirement on key packages?
Which of the following is a mandatory marking requirement on key packages?
For which assembly scenarios are parallel and woodruff keys suitable?
For which assembly scenarios are parallel and woodruff keys suitable?
What material, designated by AISI, is specified for keys according to the provided information?
What material, designated by AISI, is specified for keys according to the provided information?
A machine design requires a parallel key for a shaft with a diameter of 40 mm. According to Table 2, what keyway dimension (b x h) should be selected?
A machine design requires a parallel key for a shaft with a diameter of 40 mm. According to Table 2, what keyway dimension (b x h) should be selected?
If a new design requires a keyway for a shaft diameter of 60 mm, which keyway dimension (b x h) from Table 2 is most appropriate?
If a new design requires a keyway for a shaft diameter of 60 mm, which keyway dimension (b x h) from Table 2 is most appropriate?
A designer is selecting a parallel key for a shaft with a diameter of 165 mm. Based on Table 2, what would be the corresponding basic dimension of t1 for the appropriate keyway?
A designer is selecting a parallel key for a shaft with a diameter of 165 mm. Based on Table 2, what would be the corresponding basic dimension of t1 for the appropriate keyway?
A parallel key with dimensions 25x14 is being used in a machine. According to Table 2, what is the corresponding basic dimension of t2?
A parallel key with dimensions 25x14 is being used in a machine. According to Table 2, what is the corresponding basic dimension of t2?
If a shaft has a diameter of 460 mm, what nominal key dimension (b x h) from Table 2 should be used?
If a shaft has a diameter of 460 mm, what nominal key dimension (b x h) from Table 2 should be used?
Which statement accurately describes the constraints on the use of parenthesized nominal dimensions listed in Table 2?
Which statement accurately describes the constraints on the use of parenthesized nominal dimensions listed in Table 2?
In the designation of tapered keys, what does 'TG' specify?
In the designation of tapered keys, what does 'TG' specify?
What does 'b' represent in the nomenclature of taper keys and keyways?
What does 'b' represent in the nomenclature of taper keys and keyways?
Which measurement is represented by 't2' in the designation of keyways for tapered keys?
Which measurement is represented by 't2' in the designation of keyways for tapered keys?
What is the primary difference between a 'T' and a 'TG' tapered key?
What is the primary difference between a 'T' and a 'TG' tapered key?
In the context of designing a new machine, a designer needs to select a keyway for a shaft with a diameter of 135 mm. According to Table 2, which keyway dimension should the designer avoid using?
In the context of designing a new machine, a designer needs to select a keyway for a shaft with a diameter of 135 mm. According to Table 2, which keyway dimension should the designer avoid using?
When reviewing a design that incorporates a parallel key with dimensions 7x7, what shaft diameter range should raise a flag, prompting further investigation?
When reviewing a design that incorporates a parallel key with dimensions 7x7, what shaft diameter range should raise a flag, prompting further investigation?
A machine requires a parallel key, but the design constraints limit the keyway width (b1 and b2) to a maximum of 10 mm. According to Table 2, what is the largest nominal key dimension (b x h) that can be considered for this application?
A machine requires a parallel key, but the design constraints limit the keyway width (b1 and b2) to a maximum of 10 mm. According to Table 2, what is the largest nominal key dimension (b x h) that can be considered for this application?
A design engineer is deciding between using a tapered key with or without a gib head for a high-torque application. Which factor most directly influences this decision?
A design engineer is deciding between using a tapered key with or without a gib head for a high-torque application. Which factor most directly influences this decision?
In a scenario where a parallel key is required for a shaft operating under high vibrations, which key dimension (b x h) would generally be preferred for a shaft diameter of 60mm, considering the need for increased stability and load distribution?
In a scenario where a parallel key is required for a shaft operating under high vibrations, which key dimension (b x h) would generally be preferred for a shaft diameter of 60mm, considering the need for increased stability and load distribution?
Flashcards
PAES 304:2000 Scope
PAES 304:2000 Scope
Specifies parallel, taper, and Woodruff keys made of steel for agricultural machines and their keyways.
PAES 305:2000
PAES 305:2000
Engineering Materials – Shafts for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and Applications
Purpose of Keys
Purpose of Keys
To prevent relative movement between rotating parts and the shafts they are mounted on.
Keys (in PAES 304)
Keys (in PAES 304)
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Types of Keys (PAES 304)
Types of Keys (PAES 304)
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Keyway
Keyway
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Key Material
Key Material
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Purpose of PAES
Purpose of PAES
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Non-Standard Dimensions
Non-Standard Dimensions
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Nominal Dimension of Key
Nominal Dimension of Key
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b1 and b2
b1 and b2
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t1
t1
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t2
t2
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Shaft Diameter (d)
Shaft Diameter (d)
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Taper Key
Taper Key
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Taper Key Width (b)
Taper Key Width (b)
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Taper Key Height (h)
Taper Key Height (h)
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Gib Head Height (h1)
Gib Head Height (h1)
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Taper Key Length (l)
Taper Key Length (l)
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b1 (Tapered Keyway)
b1 (Tapered Keyway)
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b2 (Tapered Keyway)
b2 (Tapered Keyway)
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t1 (Tapered Keyway)
t1 (Tapered Keyway)
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t2 (Tapered Keyway)
t2 (Tapered Keyway)
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Woodruff Key 'b' Dimension
Woodruff Key 'b' Dimension
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Woodruff Key 'dO' Dimension
Woodruff Key 'dO' Dimension
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Woodruff Key 'h' Dimension
Woodruff Key 'h' Dimension
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Woodruff Key 'h1' Dimension
Woodruff Key 'h1' Dimension
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Woodruff Key 'l' Dimension
Woodruff Key 'l' Dimension
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Meaning of '3x10' Key
Meaning of '3x10' Key
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Meaning of '6x22' Key
Meaning of '6x22' Key
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Meaning of '7x32' Key
Meaning of '7x32' Key
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Meaning of '8x28' Key
Meaning of '8x28' Key
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Meaning of '10x55' Key
Meaning of '10x55' Key
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Woodruff Key Standards
Woodruff Key Standards
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b1 and b2 dimensions
b1 and b2 dimensions
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t1 dimension (Key Height)
t1 dimension (Key Height)
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t2 dimension
t2 dimension
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d1 dimension
d1 dimension
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1x4 Key
1x4 Key
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8x28 Key
8x28 Key
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10x32 Key
10x32 Key
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12x80 Key
12x80 Key
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Other sizes of keys
Other sizes of keys
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Key Series 1 Use
Key Series 1 Use
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Key Series 2 Use
Key Series 2 Use
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Key Series 3
Key Series 3
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Key Material (PAES 304)
Key Material (PAES 304)
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Tensile Strength of Key Material
Tensile Strength of Key Material
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Key Strength Relative to Shaft/Hub
Key Strength Relative to Shaft/Hub
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Sliding Type Key Assembly
Sliding Type Key Assembly
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Normal Type Key Assembly
Normal Type Key Assembly
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Woodruff key design restriction.
Woodruff key design restriction.
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Nominal dimension 'b' of a key
Nominal dimension 'b' of a key
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Nominal dimension 'dO' of key
Nominal dimension 'dO' of key
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Series 1, 2, and 3 for keys
Series 1, 2, and 3 for keys
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Shearing cross-sectional area
Shearing cross-sectional area
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Shaft diameter range for 1x4 key
Shaft diameter range for 1x4 key
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Shaft diameter range for 1.5x7 key
Shaft diameter range for 1.5x7 key
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Shaft diameter range for 2x7 key
Shaft diameter range for 2x7 key
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Shaft diameter range for 2x10 key
Shaft diameter range for 2x10 key
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Shaft diameter range for 2.5x10 key
Shaft diameter range for 2.5x10 key
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Study Notes
- This standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC).
- The project was entitled "Enhancing the Implementation of the AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards"
- It was funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) of the Department of Agriculture (DA).
- The Technical Committee for Study 2 reviewed the standard.
- The Standard was formulated with PNS 01:Part 4:1998 Rules.
- The standard provides specifications of keys and corresponding keyways.
- It does not cover manufacturing specifications.
- The standard was based from JIS B 1301:1996, Keys and their corresponding keyways.
Scope
- Specifies parallel keys, taper keys and Woodruff keys made of steel for agricultural machines
- It also specifies keyways for these keys.
References
- PAES 305:2000, Engineering Materials – Shafts for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and Applications
Application
- Keys prevent movement of rotating members, shafts, and spindles to which they are mounted.
Classification of Keys
- Parallel keys have longitudinal sides that are parallel with each other.
- Taper keys have a tapered longitudinal section.
- Woodruff keys feature a semi-circular cross-section.
Parallel Keys and Keyways Nomenclature
- Parallel keys can be either square or rectangular in cross section.
- b: cross-sectional width of the key
- h: cross-sectional height of the key
- l: length of the key
- b1: width of keyway for the shaft
- b2: width of keyway for the hub
- t1: height of keyway for the shaft
- t2: height of keyway for the hub
- d: shaft diameter
- r: radius of curvature
Classification of Key Ends
- The end of parallel keys is classified based on shape: both ends round, both ends rectangular/square, or one end round.
- If not specified, key ends should be rectangular or square.
Specifications of Parallel Keys and Keyways
- Table 1 and 2 provide dimensions of parallel keys and keyways.
Taper keys Nomenclature
- Designation of dimensions of taper keys and keyways are shown in Figures 4 and 5 respectively
- b- the cross-sectional width of the key
- h - the cross-sectional height of the key
- h₁ - height of the gib head
- l - length of the key
- b1 – width of keyway for the shaft
- b2 – width of keyway for the hub
- t1 - height of keyway for the shaft
- t2 - height of keyway for the hub
- d - shaft diameter
- r - radius of curvature
Classification of Tapered keys
- T: without gib head
- TG: with gib head
Dimensions of Taper Keys and Keyways
- Tables 3 and 4 specify the dimensions.
Woodruff keys
- Designation dimensions are shown in Figure 6 and 7 respectively
- do - the diameter of the key
- b - the cross-sectional width of the key
- h – the cross-sectional height of the key
- h1 - height of Whitney form key
- l - length of the key
- b1 and b2 – width of keyway for the shaft and hub respectively
- d1 - diameter of the cross-section of the keyway
- t1 - height of keyway for the shaft
- t2 - height of keyway for the hub
- d - shaft diameter
Woodruff keys classification
- WA for normal form
- WB for Whitney form
Woodruff Keys and Keyways Dimensions
- Tables 5 and 6 provide standard dimensions.
Shaft Diameters for Woodruff Keys
- Table 7 specifies the applicable shaft diameter for Woodruff keys.
Key Material
- Must be free from cracks, flaws, burrs, and rust.
- Typically AISI designation 1020 annealed steel with 393 MPa tensile strength.
- Key material should have a shearing strength lower than the shaft and hub.
Assembly Types
- Table 8 outlines assembly types for keys, shafts, and hubs.
- Sliding type: Shaft and hub can slide axially; uses parallel key.
- Normal type: Hub put onto key fixed on shaft; uses parallel/Woodruff key.
- Fastening type: Hub fastened to key on shaft, or key driven between shaft/hub; uses parallel, taper, or Woodruff.
Shaft Information
- Use of appropriate shafts with keys and keyways is discussed in PAES 205:2000.
Required Markings
- Classification
- Nominal dimension x length (nominal dimension only for Woodruff keys)
- Shape of the end (parallel keys)
- Manufacturer's name, trademark, and address
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