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Questions and Answers
What is the primary responsibility of the kube-controller-manager?
What is the purpose of the kube-scheduler?
What is Minikube used for?
What is the result of the kube-controller-manager running all controllers?
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What is the benefit of using kubeadm?
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What is the first step in setting up a Kubernetes cluster using kubeadm?
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What is the difference between Minikube and kubeadm?
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What is the role of the kubelet in the deployment process?
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What is the result of using Minikube?
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What is one of the common criticisms of Kubernetes?
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Study Notes
Kubernetes Architecture
- A Kubernetes cluster can be divided into two parts: Control Plane and Nodes (or workers)
- The Control Plane is the brain of Kubernetes, responsible for controlling and managing a set of worker nodes
- Each node has a "Kubelet", responsible for communicating with the Control Plane
Kubernetes Components
- Node: A node may be a virtual or physical machine, depending on the cluster, and runs containers using Pods
- Cluster: A set of nodes that run containerized applications, allowing containers to run across multiple machines and environments
- Master Node: Hosts the control plane aspects of the cluster and is responsible for controlling and managing a set of worker nodes
- API Server: Validates and configures data for API objects, including Pods and Services, and handles authentication, authorization, and admission control
- Etcd: A distributed key-value data store that contains all Kubernetes cluster information, with multiple instances possible for cluster availability and performance
- Kubelet: Responsible for everything that happens on the node, listening to the API Server, starting containers, and reporting their statuses
- Container Runtime: Responsible for running containers, with supported runtimes including Docker, containerd, and CRI-O
- Scheduler: Watches for newly created pods and assigns nodes for them to run on, considering factors like resource requirements, hardware/software constraints, and data locality
- Controller Manager: Contains different controllers responsible for reconciling the actual state of the cluster to the desired state, with controllers for deployments, nodes, services, and more
Pods and Containers
- Pod: The most basic object in Kubernetes, encapsulating one or more containers, with each container instance in a pod recommended to be separate
- Container: Runs inside a Pod, with multiple containers possible in a single Pod
Kubernetes Roll-outs
- Create a YAML file describing the desired state configuration of the cluster
- Apply the YAML file to the cluster through kubectl
- kubectl submits the request to the kube-apiserver, which authenticates and authorizes the request
- The kube-controller-manager continuously monitors the system for new requests and works towards reconciling the system state to the desired state
- The kube-scheduler assigns nodes for pods to run on, and communicates with the kubelet to start the deployment
Setting up Kubernetes
- Local Solutions: Minikube, a utility used to run Kubernetes on a local machine, creating a single node cluster for demo Kubernetes operations
- Public Cloud Solutions: Online k8s solutions
- Installation Methods: The Hard Way, Installer-based kubeadm, Kops, Kubespray, etc., with kubeadm allowing for simple, automated installations of multi-node clusters
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Description
Test your knowledge of Kubernetes administration, from its architecture to setup and operation. Practice with Minikube and Kubeadm.
