micro 8
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Questions and Answers

According to the updated Koch's Molecular Postulates, what is one of the criteria in identifying the gene responsible for virulence?

  • The gene might not cause a specific immune response.
  • The gene must be absent in disease-causing strains.
  • The gene should not be expressed in vivo.
  • The gene must be present in avirulent strains. (correct)

    • Which stage of the disease process involves further growth at original or other sites?

  • Attachment and Invasion
  • Tissue damage and disease
  • Colonisation and Damage
  • Invasiveness (correct)

    • What type of transmission involves passing a communicable disease from an infected host to a particular individual or group?

  • Horizontal transmission (correct)
  • Vehicle-borne transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Vertical transmission

    • In the disease process, what happens during the stage of skin/mucosa adherence?

    <p>Attachment and invasion happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission involves passing a communicable disease through another organism?

    <p>Vector-borne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key step in confirming the gene responsible for virulence according to Koch's Molecular Postulates?

    <p>Introducing a cloned gene into avirulent strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays an important role in the successful exposure of a disease?

    <p>Distribution on host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of biofilms in infections?

    <p>They increase average hospital stay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences successful exposure to diseases?

    <p>Hydrophobicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of microbial toxins on host tissues?

    <p>Inducing septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteria avoid host defenses during attachment and invasion?

    <p>By resisting phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of receptors on host cells in the transmission of diseases?

    <p>Facilitate attachment of pathogens to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of microbial exotoxin based on its effect?

    <p>Hemotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Type I Superantigens play in host cells?

    <p>Inducing intense immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of vectors in disease transmission?

    <p>Vectors facilitate transmission between hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial pathogen produces Toxin A (enterotoxin) and Toxin B (cytotoxin)?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microbial toxin affects cells lining the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Enterotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of animals in infectious diseases according to the text?

    <p>Acting as a reservoir for infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occupation is traditionally mentioned as being at a higher risk of infectious disease exposure due to close contact with animals or animal products?

    <p>Farmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon involves the combination of two or more different strains of a virus to produce a new form with a mixture of surface antigens?

    <p>Antigenic shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Koch's postulates primarily used for in infectious disease research?

    <p>To establish causative relationships between microorganisms and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious disease is mentioned as having proof available following Koch's postulates?

    <p>Diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for infectious disease transmission highlighted in the text?

    <p>Close contact with infected animals or contaminated environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following non-bacterial diseases is known to be persistent and can be localised or systemic?

    <p>Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-bacterial disease is commonly caused by the species of Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum?

    <p>Athlete's foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral disease can lead to human breast cancer according to the provided text?

    <p>Mouse mammary tumor virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disease can be caused by Mycoses as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral disease is classified as a communicable disease according to the text?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athlete's foot, Thrush, and Aspergillosis are examples of diseases that are caused by which type of pathogens as per the text?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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