Know Your Immune Cells

Superior vena cava = Deoxygenated blood from the head and arms enters the heart through this Inferior vena cava = Deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body enters the heart through this Pulmonary veins = Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and enters the heart at this Hepatic portal vein = The vein leading from the intestines to the liver

Tricuspid valve = Causes deoxygenated blood to flow into the right ventricle Bicuspid valve = Causes oxygenated blood to flow into the left ventricle Semilunar valve = Forces oxygenated blood into the aorta

Right atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava Right ventricle = Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins Left ventricle = Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta

<p>Heart rate increases with level of exercise = The faster the heart rate is after exercise, the longer it takes to return to normal A fit person’s heartbeat is slower at rest = A fit person’s heartbeat returns to resting rate faster than that of an unfit person</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Running = Longer time taken for pulse to return to its resting rate Walking = Shorter time taken for pulse to return to its resting rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SA Node = Group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that initiates the actual contraction AV Node = Relay station in the wall between the left and right atria near the ventricles Systole = Period of contraction during which the heart empties Diastole = Period of relaxation during which the heart fills</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma = Makes up 55% of blood and maintains osmotic balance within the organism Red Blood Cells = Most abundant cells, transport oxygen around the body White Blood Cells = Defend the body from attack and can increase in number during an infection Dissolved Salts = Maintain osmotic balance and are essential for the proper functioning of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic Pressure = Pressure when the heart is contracting Diastolic Pressure = Pressure when the heart is at rest 120/80 mm Hg = Healthy adult blood pressure Above 95 = Indicates high blood pressure (hypertension)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicuspid and Tricuspid Valves = Shut under the backpressure from the blood in the contracting ventricles, making the 'lub' sound Semilunar Valves = Slam shut at the backpressure from the arteries, making the 'dub' sound Atria = Relax during diastole, allowing blood to flood in Ventricles = Contract during systole, forcing blood out of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocytes = Large bean shaped nucleus, move by amoeboid motion and engulf cells by phagocytosis Lymphocytes = Large spherical nucleus, make up 20-40% of all white blood cells, stored in the lymphatic system Platelets = Cellular fragments that play a major role in blood clotting Antigens = Substances that produce an immune response, based on their presence on the outer surface of blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood Group O = Antigens: Neither A nor B, Antibodies: A and B Blood Group A = Antigens: A, Antibodies: B Blood Group B = Antigens: B, Antibodies: A Blood Group AB = Antigens: A and B, Antibodies: Neither A nor B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhesus positive (RhD+) = Blood with the rhesus antigen on the surface Rhesus negative (RhD-) = Blood without the rhesus antigen on the surface Rhesus Factor in pregnancy = If the mother is Rhesus negative, and the unborn child is Rhesus positive, then some of the baby’s Red blood cells with Rhesus antigens may cross into the mother’s bloodstream at the end of pregnancy Rhesus antibodies injection = To prevent the destruction of the baby’s red blood cells by the antibodies produced by the mother, the mother may be injected with Rhesus antibodies immediately after the birth of her first child</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 1 = Place the heart on a dissecting board with the front facing upwards Step 3 = Make a shallow cut in the left ventricle and the left atrium Step 6 = Repeat the previous steps for the right side of the heart Step 10 = Insert a forceps under the moderator band in the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers