Knee Joint Types and Classification Flashcards

Joint Classification and Types

• Functional categories classify joints into three types:

  • Synarthrosis - no movement
  • Amphiarthrosis - limited movement
  • Diarthrosis - free movement

• Synarthroses can be further divided into:

  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Bony Fusion

• Amphiarthroses consist of:

  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints

• Diarthroses are characterized as:

  • Synovial Joints

Types of Joints

• Suture (Fibrous Synarthrosis) - interlocking projections found between skull bones.
• Synchondrosis (Cartilaginous Synarthrosis) - contains cartilage plates, example is epiphyseal cartilages.
• Syndesmosis (Fibrous Amphiarthrosis) - connected by ligaments, exemplified by tibia and fibula.
• Symphysis (Cartilaginous Amphiarthrosis) - fibrocartilage pad connection, such as those between pubic bones and vertebrae.

Diarthrotic Joints

• Synovial Joint:
  • Bound by a joint capsule and filled with synovial fluid.
  • Movement types include:
    • Monaxial - e.g., elbow and ankle.
    • Biaxial - e.g., ribs and wrist.
    • Triaxial - e.g., shoulder and hip.

Structural Categories of Synovial Joints

• Types include:
  • Plane
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Condylar
  • Saddle
  • Ball-and-Socket

Joint Specifics

• Gliding Joint:

  • Slight movement, e.g., ends of clavicles, carpals, and vertebrae.

• Hinge Joint:

  • Angular motion in one plane, e.g., elbow, knee, ankle.

• Pivot Joint:

  • Primarily rotational movement, e.g., atlas and axis.

• Ellipsoidal Joint:

  • Oval face fitting a depression, e.g., radius with carpals.

• Saddle Joint:

  • Concave and convex surfaces allowing biaxial movement, e.g., thumb base.

• Ball-and-Socket Joint:

  • Allows all movement types, e.g., shoulder and hip.

Components of Synovial Joints

• Essential structures include:
  • Articular cartilage
  • Joint capsule (articular capsule)
  • Synovial membrane
  • Synovial fluid

Additional Joint Elements

• Bursa: Fluid-filled pockets that reduce friction in joints outside the joint capsule.
• Fat Pads: Protective packing materials located in front of synovial joints.
• Meniscus (in knee joint): Fibrocartilage pads that provide cushioning between knee bones.

Specific Joint Examples

• Shoulder (Glenohumeral):

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, ball-and-socket joint.

• Elbow:

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, hinge joint.

• Proximal & Distal Radioulnar:

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, pivot joint.

• Wrist (Radiocarpal):

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, condyloid joint.

• Intercarpal:

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, gliding joint.

• Carpometacarpal (Thumb):

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, saddle joint.

• Sacroiliac:

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, gliding joint.

• Pubic Symphysis:

  • Amphiarthrotic, cartilaginous, symphysis joint.

• Hip (Coxal):

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, ball-and-socket joint.

• Knee:

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, bicondylar joint.

• Distal Tibiofibular:

  • Amphiarthrotic, fibrous, syndesmosis joint.

• Ankle (Talocrural):

  • Diarthrotic, synovial, hinge joint.

Test your knowledge on the classification and types of knee joints with these flashcards. This quiz covers functional categories such as synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis, along with their specific types. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.