Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of joint classification does the knee joint fall under?
What type of joint classification does the knee joint fall under?
Which of the following ligaments is located on the medial aspect of the knee joint?
Which of the following ligaments is located on the medial aspect of the knee joint?
What is the primary role of the meniscus in the knee joint?
What is the primary role of the meniscus in the knee joint?
Which structure is responsible for producing synovial fluid in the knee joint?
Which structure is responsible for producing synovial fluid in the knee joint?
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What movements are primarily possible at the knee joint?
What movements are primarily possible at the knee joint?
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Which arteries are included in the blood supply to the knee joint?
Which arteries are included in the blood supply to the knee joint?
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the knee joint's stabilizing components?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the knee joint's stabilizing components?
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What is the main function of the fat pads in the knee joint?
What is the main function of the fat pads in the knee joint?
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Study Notes
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Knee Joint Classification
- The knee joint is a synovial joint of the hinge/condylar type.
Learning Objectives
- Students should be able to classify the joint and identify its articulating surfaces.
- Students should be able to identify structures that stabilize and strengthen the joint.
- Students should be able to address intracapsular structures.
- Students should be able to identify movements possible at the joint.
- Students should be able to identify the blood supply and innervation of the joint.
Articulating Surfaces
- The condyles of the distal end of the femur articulate with the condyles at the proximal end of the tibia.
- A minor joint is formed where the posterior surface of the patella articulates with the patellar surface of the femur.
- All articulating surfaces are covered with articular hyaline cartilage.
Structures Stabilizing/Strengthening the Joint
- Fibrous capsule: surrounds/encloses the joint.
- Synovial membrane: lines the fibrous capsule, covers the popliteus tendon, forms supra-patellar bursae, lines the patellar tendon, covers cruciate ligaments, and produces synovial fluid.
- Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle: the patella is found within this tendon
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Ligaments:
- Popliteal (posterior aspect)
- Tibial collateral (medial aspect)
- Fibular collateral (lateral aspect)
- Arcuate popliteal
- Oblique popliteal (lateral aspect)
- Meniscus (semi-lunar cartilages): two menisci are found on the upper surface of the tibial condyles.
- Cruciate ligaments: anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments extend from the intercondylar notch to the tibial tubercles.
- Popliteus tendon: (lateral aspect)
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Bursae:
- Suprapatellar (above the joint)
- Pre patellar (between the anterior surface of the patella and the skin)
- Infra patellar (below the patella)
- Fat pads: infrapatellar pad of fat found above the infrapatellar bursa, between the patellar ligament and the synovial membrane.
Movements Possible at the Joint
- Flexion
- Extension
- Minimal medial and lateral rotation
Blood Supply & Nerve Supply
- Arteries: femoral, popliteal, and anterior tibial arteries.
- Veins: popliteal vein, anterior and posterior tibial veins, short saphenous vein.
- Nerves: obturator, peroneal, femoral, and popliteal nerves.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the classification of the knee joint, specifically as a synovial joint of the hinge/condylar type. Students will learn to identify the articulating surfaces, stabilization structures, and movements possible at the joint, as well as its blood supply and innervation.
