ANATOMY Knee Joint
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Questions and Answers

Which ligament attaches the lateral meniscus to the popliteus tendon?

  • Coronary ligament
  • Popliteus ligament (correct)
  • Medial collateral ligament
  • Popliteus tendon

    • What is the function of the synovial fluid found in the joint capsule?

  • To provide nutrients to the joint
  • Both a and b (correct)
  • To stabilize the joint
  • To lubricate the joint

    • Which of the following structures is considered extra-synovial but intra-capsular?

  • Cruciate ligament (correct)
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Femur

    • What is the purpose of the thicker and stronger posterior aspect of the joint capsule?

    <p>To provide more stability when standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is NOT attached to the lateral meniscus?

    <p>Lateral collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the joint capsule held together?

    <p>By ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the medial collateral ligament?

    <p>12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is described as a 'tendinous expansion of the semimembranosus muscle'?

    <p>Arcuate popliteal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the joint capsule in the knee?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the lateral collateral ligament?

    <p>Attached to the lateral meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bursa within the knee joint?

    <p>To provide cushioning between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ligaments is described as a 'flat band-like' structure?

    <p>Medial collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bursae in the knee joint?

    <p>Reduce friction between the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bursa communicates with the joint cavity and is located between the lower half of the patella and skin?

    <p>Prepatellar Bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main blood supply to the knee?

    <p>Middle genicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bursa lies beneath the medial head of the gastrocnemius and can communicate with the joint cavity?

    <p>Popliteal Bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery encircles the femoral condyle and is part of the blood supply to the knee?

    <p>Medial superior genicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the posterior cruciate ligaments mainly supplied from?

    <p>Middle genicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle plays a role in both flexion and internal rotation of the knee when flexed?

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for extending the knee joint during activities like walking and running?

    <p>Medial patellar retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for the formation of the fibrous capsule of the knee joint?

    <p>Medial patellar retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for the extension of the knee joint?

    <p>Quadriceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is part of the adductor group and also contributes to internal rotation when the knee is flexed?

    <p>Gracilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for kicking a ball?

    <p>Medial patellar retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the knee?

    <p>A modified hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures provide the main blood supply to the knee joint?

    <p>Popliteal artery branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the shape of the menisci in the knee joint?

    <p>C-shaped and triangular in cross-section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures connect the quadriceps muscle to the tibia?

    <p>Patellar tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum active rotation possible at the knee joint in the flexed position?

    <p>10 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures connect the femur to the tibia?

    <p>Collateral ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Knee Joint Anatomy

    • The knee joint is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella.
    • It is the largest synovial joint in the body and allows flexion and extension of the leg as well as some rotation in the flexed position.

    Medial and Lateral Menisci

    • The medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament.
    • The lateral meniscus is attached to the popliteus tendon.
    • Both menisci are attached to the femur and tibia via the coronary ligaments.

    Joint Capsule

    • The joint capsule is made up of the patella, tibia, and femur.
    • The capsule is held together with ligaments (fibrous connective tissue) that help with the range of motion.
    • The joint capsule contains synovial fluid, which lubricates and provides nutrients to the joint.

    Ligaments

    • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): attaches from the anterior tibial plateau to the lateral femoral condyle.
    • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): attaches from the posterior intercondylar area to the medial femoral condyle.
    • Medial collateral ligament: attaches from the medial epicondyle to the medial surface of the tibia, separated from the tibia by the inferior medial genicular arteries.
    • Lateral collateral ligament: attaches from the lateral epicondyle to the fibular head, not attached to the lateral meniscus.

    Bursa

    • There are approximately 14 small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) within the knee joint.
    • Bursae reduce friction between the tissues of the knee and prevent inflammation.
    • Examples of bursae include:
      • Suprapatellar bursa: superior extension of the knee joint cavity.
      • Prepatellar bursa: communicates with the joint cavity, between the lower half of the patella and skin.
      • Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa: between the patella ligament and skin.
      • Deep infrapatellar bursa: between the tibia and patella tendon.

    Blood Supply

    • The knee is supplied by anastomoses of:
      • Five genicular branches of the popliteal artery (main supply).
      • Medial and lateral superior genicular arteries.
      • Medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries.
      • Middle genicular artery.

    Muscles

    • Flexion: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and popliteus.
    • Extension: quadriceps femoris, iliotibial tract, gluteus maximus, and tensor fascia latae.
    • Internal rotation (when flexed): semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius.
    • External rotation (when flexed): biceps femoris.

    Medial Patellar Retinaculum

    • The medial patellar retinaculum is a tendon of the knee that crosses the knee joint on the medial side of the patella.
    • It plays important roles in the formation of the fibrous capsule of the knee and in the extension of the knee joint.

    Lower Limb Muscles

    • Examples include:
      • m.iliopsoas
      • m.pectineus
      • m.adductor magnus
      • m.adductor longus
      • m.semitendinosus
      • m.gracilis
      • m.sartorius
      • m.semimembranosus

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the knee joint, a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella. Learn about its functions, location, blood supply, and nerve supply.

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