Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of resisting hip adduction during examination?
What is the main purpose of resisting hip adduction during examination?
- To palpate the adductor magnus tendon more effectively (correct)
- To enhance ability to feel the femoral attachment of the medial collateral ligament
- To locate the insertion point of the sartorius muscle
- To identify the pes anserine group attachment sites
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the pes anserine group?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the pes anserine group?
- Semitendinosus
- Gracilis
- Biceps femoris (correct)
- Sartorius
Where is the tibial attachment of the medial collateral ligament primarily located?
Where is the tibial attachment of the medial collateral ligament primarily located?
- Posterior half of the tibia, roughly 10-12 cm long (correct)
- Anterior half of the tibia, approximately 8-10 cm long
- Distal end of the fibula, about 12-15 cm long
- Lateral condyle of the femur, around 10-12 cm long
What is the proper technique to locate the area of the pes anserine group?
What is the proper technique to locate the area of the pes anserine group?
Which statement about the sartorius muscle is accurate?
Which statement about the sartorius muscle is accurate?
What structure is palpated from the apex of the patella moving medially and proximally?
What structure is palpated from the apex of the patella moving medially and proximally?
Which anatomical feature can be found proximal to the head of the fibula?
Which anatomical feature can be found proximal to the head of the fibula?
To locate the medial collateral ligament (MCL), where should palpation begin?
To locate the medial collateral ligament (MCL), where should palpation begin?
What structure is located at the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle?
What structure is located at the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle?
How can you enhance the palpation of the medial structures of the knee?
How can you enhance the palpation of the medial structures of the knee?
From which location should you begin palpating the patellar tendon?
From which location should you begin palpating the patellar tendon?
What is the first palpable structure when moving laterally from the apex of the patella?
What is the first palpable structure when moving laterally from the apex of the patella?
What is the significance of palpating the space horizontally between the tibia and femur?
What is the significance of palpating the space horizontally between the tibia and femur?
When palpating the medial condyle, what may indicate you have reached the medial joint line?
When palpating the medial condyle, what may indicate you have reached the medial joint line?
What should be noted when palpating the edges of the base of the patella?
What should be noted when palpating the edges of the base of the patella?
Which muscle is most prominent when palpating the medial hamstring group?
Which muscle is most prominent when palpating the medial hamstring group?
What is the significance of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?
What is the significance of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?
Which structure can be palpated directly midline in the popliteal fossa?
Which structure can be palpated directly midline in the popliteal fossa?
What anatomical landmark should be used to identify the rectus femoris?
What anatomical landmark should be used to identify the rectus femoris?
Where is Gerdy's tubercle located?
Where is Gerdy's tubercle located?
Which action will help to differentiate between the semimembranosus and the gracilis?
Which action will help to differentiate between the semimembranosus and the gracilis?
Which tendon can be felt when asking the patient to resist flexion in slight knee extension?
Which tendon can be felt when asking the patient to resist flexion in slight knee extension?
What structure is located just lateral to the tendon of the biceps femoris?
What structure is located just lateral to the tendon of the biceps femoris?
What muscle is notably surrounded by the rectus femoris and sartorius?
What muscle is notably surrounded by the rectus femoris and sartorius?
What palpation technique is suggested for assessing the iliotibial band?
What palpation technique is suggested for assessing the iliotibial band?
What is the characteristic shape of the vastus medialis muscle?
What is the characteristic shape of the vastus medialis muscle?
What method is used to enhance the prominence of the rectus femoris during palpation?
What method is used to enhance the prominence of the rectus femoris during palpation?
In which position should the patient be to effectively palpate the biceps femoris tendon?
In which position should the patient be to effectively palpate the biceps femoris tendon?
What is the primary function of the hamstring group muscles?
What is the primary function of the hamstring group muscles?
Flashcards
Patellar Apex
Patellar Apex
The most inferior point of the patella (kneecap).
Patellar Base
Patellar Base
The superior aspect of the patella, where it attaches to the femur.
Medial Femoral Condyle
Medial Femoral Condyle
The inner bony knob on the femur (thigh bone) that forms the medial side of the knee joint.
Lateral Femoral Condyle
Lateral Femoral Condyle
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Medial Femoral Epicondyle
Medial Femoral Epicondyle
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Lateral Femoral Epicondyle
Lateral Femoral Epicondyle
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Tibial Plateau
Tibial Plateau
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Tibial Tuberosity
Tibial Tuberosity
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Patellar Tendon
Patellar Tendon
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Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
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Adductor tubercle
Adductor tubercle
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Tibial attachment of MCL
Tibial attachment of MCL
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Pes Anserine
Pes Anserine
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Sartorius muscle
Sartorius muscle
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Semitendinosus Tendon
Semitendinosus Tendon
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Semimembranosus Tendon
Semimembranosus Tendon
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Gracilis Tendon
Gracilis Tendon
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Iliotibial Band (IT Band)
Iliotibial Band (IT Band)
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Gerdy's Tubercle
Gerdy's Tubercle
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Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
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Biceps Femoris Tendon
Biceps Femoris Tendon
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Common Peroneal/Fibular Nerve
Common Peroneal/Fibular Nerve
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Rectus Femoris
Rectus Femoris
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Vastus Medialis
Vastus Medialis
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Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Lateralis
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Popliteal Fossa
Popliteal Fossa
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Tibial Nerve
Tibial Nerve
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Popliteal Artery
Popliteal Artery
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Study Notes
Lower Extremity: The Knee Complex
- Patient seated, leg relaxed, knee flexed to 90 degrees
- Palpate patella, locating apex and base (superior aspect)
- Medial femoral condyle: palpate proximally and medially from patella apex, following to medial joint line
- Lateral femoral condyle: palpate laterally and proximally from patella apex to find structure followed to the lateral joint line
- Medial and lateral femoral epicondyles: locate medial and lateral condyle, palpate epicondyles
- Tibial plateau, tibial tuberosity, patellar tendon: feel firm edges of tibial plateau, follow patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity, and the patellar tendon edges
- Pes anserine group: located on anterior aspect of knee, comprised of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): palpate along medial joint line, feeling fibers of MCL
- Adductor tubercle: located medial to the medial femoral epicondyle
- Semitendinosus tendon: posterior medial hamstrings, notable tendon palpable with resisted knee flexion
- Semimembranosus tendon: slightly smaller tendon medial to semitendinosus
- Gracilis tendon: slender tendon medial to the semimembranosus
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): palpate along the lateral joint line, recognizing as a pencil-like structure. follow proximally and distally to find its attachments.
- Iliotibial band: palpate distally along lateral joint line, then to Gerdy's tubercle
- Common peroneal (fibular) nerve: posterior to the head of the fibula, locate by applying anterior pressure toward the head of the fibula. The nerve will feel like a soft, rubbery structure.
- Biceps femoris tendon: palpate posterior to the head of the fibula, feel a prominent tendon. Follow distally to its attachment on the fibula.
- Rectus femoris: palpate starting at Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) and patella. Palpate following an imaginary line. The muscle will be 2-3 fingers wide.
- Vastus medialis: tear-drop shape, palpate medial and proximal to patella, recognize its bulbous shape
- Vastus lateralis: palpate on lateral side of thigh. Have patient extend/relax knee. The vastus lateralis will contract and relax.
- Popliteal fossa: medial to tibial nerve, lateral to tendons of biceps femoris, including the common peroneal nerve. Popliteal artery is pulsating within the fossa.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and examination techniques of the knee complex, focusing on palpation techniques for various structures. Learn to locate key components such as the femoral condyles, epicondyles, and ligaments to assess knee function effectively. Ideal for students and professionals in physical therapy and anatomy.
