39 Questions
Which artery trifurcates at the knee and gives rise to resulting branches?
Popliteal artery
What is the function of the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints?
To permit rotation of the leg
Which book is recommended for further reading on clinical anatomy?
McMinn & Abrahams’ Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy
What is the main focus of learning outcomes related to the knee joint?
Structure, actions, stability, and neurovascular supply
What is the largest synovial joint in the body?
Knee joint
What provides stability and cushioning to the knee joint?
Menisci
What can become inflamed due to repeated frictional forces around the knee joint?
Bursae
Which muscles are involved in knee flexion?
Hamstring muscles
What reduces the muscle work needed to maintain the standing position by locking the knee joint into position?
Medial rotation of the femur on the tibia
Which ligaments are considered extracapsular in the knee joint?
Tibial and fibular collateral
What can be tested using the anterior and posterior drawer tests?
Ligamentous injuries
What muscles are involved in knee extension?
Quadriceps femoris
What is more common than PCL injuries in the knee joint?
Cruciate ligament injuries
Which muscles are involved in knee flexion?
Hamstring muscles
What provides an extensive fibrous capsule for the knee joint?
Tendons of surrounding muscles
What can cause inflammation due to repeated frictional forces around the knee joint?
Bursae
Which artery supplies the superior lateral genicular artery?
Popliteal artery
Which nerve supplies the muscles for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot?
Tibial nerve
Which muscle supports the medial arch of the foot during walking?
Tibialis posterior
Which artery is the major blood supply to the leg and foot?
Popliteal artery
Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg for eversion and plantarflexion of the foot?
Superficial fibular nerve
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the big toe?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which artery supplies the middle genicular artery?
Popliteal artery
Which nerve supplies the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve for dorsiflexion and extension of the lateral four toes?
Tibial nerve
Which muscle is responsible for eversion and plantarflexion of the foot and supports the arches of the foot?
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Which artery supplies the inferior medial genicular artery?
Popliteal artery
Which nerve supplies the superficial fibular nerve for eversion of the foot?
Common peroneal nerve
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot and dynamic support of the medial arch of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Which muscle unlocks the knee by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia?
Popliteus muscle
How many genicular arteries from the popliteal artery supply the arterial network of the knee?
Five
Which nerves are included in the nerve supply to the knee?
Femoral, tibial, and common peroneal nerves
How many compartments is the knee divided into?
Three
Which muscles in the leg compartments are responsible for plantarflexion and eversion of the foot?
Fibularis longus and brevis muscles
Which muscles in the leg compartments are responsible for dorsiflexion and extension of the foot?
Extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior
Which muscles in the leg compartments are responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee?
Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles
Which tendons are arranged in the tarsal tunnel?
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior
Which artery is the major blood supply to the leg and foot?
Popliteal artery
Which nerves innervate the leg and foot?
Common fibular, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, saphenous, sural, and medial calcaneal branches
What does the knee anatomy and function involve to facilitate various movements and provide blood supply?
A network of arteries, nerves, and muscles
Study Notes
Knee Anatomy and Injuries: A Detailed Overview
- "Gray’s Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound" provides a detailed overview of knee anatomy and injuries
- The knee joint is the largest synovial joint and is a hinge joint between the femur and tibia
- The knee joint has V-shaped articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage, and menisci provide stability and cushioning
- There are 12 bursae around the knee joint, which can become inflamed (bursitis) due to repeated frictional forces
- The fibrous capsule of the knee joint is extensive and reinforced by tendons of surrounding muscles
- The knee joint has extracapsular (tibial and fibular collateral) and intracapsular (anterior and posterior cruciate) ligaments
- Injuries to the knee joint can include ruptures of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments, collateral ligament injuries, and meniscal injuries
- Testing for ligamentous injuries includes the anterior and posterior drawer tests
- Knee movements involve flexion (hamstring muscles) and extension (quadriceps femoris)
- The knee joint can lock into position, reducing muscle work needed to maintain the standing position, through changes in shape and size of femoral surfaces and medial rotation of the femur on the tibia
- Cruciate ligament injuries are more common than PCL injuries and can be tested using the anterior drawer or Lachman test
- The hamstring muscles and gastrocnemius are involved in knee flexion, while the quadriceps femoris is involved in knee extension
Knee Anatomy and Function Overview
- The popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
- Arterial supply to the knee includes five genicular arteries from the popliteal artery
- Nerve supply to the knee includes the femoral, tibial, and common peroneal nerves
- The knee is divided into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with specific nerve and artery supply
- Various muscles in the leg compartments are responsible for different movements such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion of the foot
- The lateral compartment of the leg includes the fibularis longus and brevis muscles, responsible for eversion and plantarflexion of the foot
- The anterior compartment of the leg includes muscles responsible for dorsiflexion and extension of the foot, such as the extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior
- The posterior compartment of the leg includes the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles, responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee
- The arrangement of tendons in the tarsal tunnel includes the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior
- The popliteal artery is the major blood supply to the leg and foot, branching into anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular arteries
- Several nerves innervate the leg and foot, including the common fibular, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, saphenous, sural, and medial calcaneal branches
- The knee anatomy and function are complex, involving a network of arteries, nerves, and muscles to facilitate various movements and provide blood supply
Test your knowledge of knee anatomy and injuries with this detailed overview. From the structure of the knee joint to common injuries and diagnostic tests, this quiz covers essential information for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of the knee.
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