Knee Function and Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the knee?

Acts as a lever for propulsion, posture, and balance, facilitates force from the lower kinetic chain to movement, weight and load bearing.

From the front, how can you differentiate between the left and right knees?

The patella on the left knee is anterior, the fibula is medial, and the tibia is lateral.

The patella on the right knee is anterior, the fibula is lateral, and the tibia is medial. (correct)

The patella on the right knee is anterior, the fibula is medial, and the tibia is lateral.

The patella on the left knee is anterior, the fibula is lateral, and the tibia is medial.

Which bones are involved in the knee joint?

Femur, patella, ulna, and fibula.

Femur, patella, tibia, and radius.

Femur, patella, tibia, and humerus.

Femur, patella, tibia, and fibula. (correct)

How many joints are present at the knee? What are they?

3: Tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint, and proximal tibiofibular joint. Signup and view all the answers

List the seven connective tissues found at the knee joint.

Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament, patellar tendon. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

To prevent knee varus, which is outward lateral movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?

To prevent knee valgus, which is inward medial movement. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the functions of the meniscus within the knee joint.

Shock absorption, protection, and reducing friction. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the connection of the patellar tendon.

It extends from the quadriceps muscles to the tibial tuberosity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four movements possible at the knee joint?

Flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation. Signup and view all the answers

What muscle group causes knee extension?

Anterior muscle group. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is responsible for knee flexion?

Posterior muscle group. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of biarticular muscles.

They articulate at two joints, meaning their origins and insertions span across these two joints. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles contribute to knee flexion?

Hamstrings (BF, SM, ST), popliteus, gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are involved in knee extension?

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles contribute to internal rotation of the knee when it is flexed?

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, sartorius, gracilis. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle causes external rotation of the knee when it is flexed?

Biceps femoris. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Q angle, and why is it important?

It refers to the angle between the line of the quadriceps (ASIS to the middle of the patella) and the line of the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. Women generally have a larger Q angle due to their wider pelvis, which can increase the risk of knee injuries. Signup and view all the answers

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease, and what causes it?

It is a traction periostitis of the tibial tuberosity caused by overuse or repetitive stress. Signup and view all the answers

What activities can lead to a patellar tendon rupture?

High-impact activities that involve a lot of jumping and lunging, as repeated impact can cause a rupture over time. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Knee Function and Anatomy

The knee acts as a lever for movement, balance, and weight-bearing, transferring force from the lower body.
The patella is anterior, the fibula is lateral, and the tibia is medial when viewing the right knee from the front.
The knee joint is comprised of the femur, patella (sesamoid bone), tibia, and fibula (not directly articulating with the femur).
Three joints exist within the knee: tibiofemoral (modified hinge), patellofemoral, and proximal tibiofibular.
Seven connective tissues support the knee: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, lateral collateral ligament (LCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and patellar tendon.

Ligament Functions

The LCL prevents varus (lateral) movement of the knee.
The MCL prevents valgus (medial) movement of the knee.
Menisci act as shock absorbers, protect underlying tissues, and reduce friction within the joint.
The patellar tendon attaches the quadriceps muscle to the tibial tuberosity.

Muscle Actions and Movements

Muscle groups in the knee are responsible for flexion (posterior) and extension (anterior) movements, and internal/external rotation when flexed.
The quadriceps femoris muscle group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) is responsible for knee extension.
The hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), popliteus, gastrocnemius, sartorius, and gracilis are responsible for knee flexion.
Internal rotation of the flexed knee is primarily performed by the sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
External rotation of the flexed knee is primarily performed by the biceps femoris.

Joint Angles and Injuries

The Q-angle, formed by the quadriceps and patellar tendon, is larger in women due to wider pelvises, potentially increasing injury risk.
Osgood-Schlatter disease involves traction periostitis of the tibial tuberosity; caused by overuse and repetitive stress.
Patellar tendon rupture can occur from high-impact activities, such as jumping and lunging.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the knee joint, including its structural components and ligament functions. This quiz covers the basic mechanics of the knee, the roles of connective tissues, and joint classifications.