Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee?
What is the primary function of the menisci in the knee?
- To connect bones directly
- To facilitate blood flow
- To increase the range of motion
- To act as shock absorbers (correct)
Which ligament is also known as the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
Which ligament is also known as the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
- Tibial collateral ligament (correct)
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Fibular collateral ligament
Which ligament controls the backward movement of the tibia?
Which ligament controls the backward movement of the tibia?
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Fibular collateral ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament (correct)
- Anterior cruciate ligament
What type of injury is most commonly associated with the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
What type of injury is most commonly associated with the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
Which of the following describes the positioning of cruciate ligaments in the knee?
Which of the following describes the positioning of cruciate ligaments in the knee?
What can be a reason for performing knee x-rays?
What can be a reason for performing knee x-rays?
What is the primary role of collateral ligaments in the knee?
What is the primary role of collateral ligaments in the knee?
Which imaging method is commonly used before MRI or arthroscopy for assessing bony injury in the knee?
Which imaging method is commonly used before MRI or arthroscopy for assessing bony injury in the knee?
What is the recommended degree of knee flexion for standard lateral knee radiography?
What is the recommended degree of knee flexion for standard lateral knee radiography?
What angulation is typically required for short patients with a wide pelvis during knee radiography?
What angulation is typically required for short patients with a wide pelvis during knee radiography?
Which of the following statements contributes to accurate lateral knee positioning?
Which of the following statements contributes to accurate lateral knee positioning?
What happens if the knee is flexed more than 30 degrees during the lateral projection?
What happens if the knee is flexed more than 30 degrees during the lateral projection?
What is the primary criterion for determining if the knee is positioned in a true lateral view?
What is the primary criterion for determining if the knee is positioned in a true lateral view?
For long male patients with a narrow pelvis, what is the recommended tube angulation?
For long male patients with a narrow pelvis, what is the recommended tube angulation?
What is the consequence of improperly positioning the knee in lateral view?
What is the consequence of improperly positioning the knee in lateral view?
Why should the CR be directed 5 to 7 degrees cephalad during a lateral knee projection?
Why should the CR be directed 5 to 7 degrees cephalad during a lateral knee projection?
What is the required position of the patient for a standard AP projection?
What is the required position of the patient for a standard AP projection?
Which technical factor should be used for the SID in radiographic projections?
Which technical factor should be used for the SID in radiographic projections?
When considering the positioning of the patient for the AP projection, what indicates that the image is not properly aligned?
When considering the positioning of the patient for the AP projection, what indicates that the image is not properly aligned?
For a patient with a prosthesis, what is the minimum image receptor size recommended?
For a patient with a prosthesis, what is the minimum image receptor size recommended?
What is the correct CR placement for an AP projection?
What is the correct CR placement for an AP projection?
Which projection requires the knee to be flexed at 20° to 30°?
Which projection requires the knee to be flexed at 20° to 30°?
What does Internal Derangement Knee (IDK) primarily describe?
What does Internal Derangement Knee (IDK) primarily describe?
A patient with larger thighs requires the central ray to be directed at what angle for an AP projection?
A patient with larger thighs requires the central ray to be directed at what angle for an AP projection?
The kVp range recommended for knee projections is:
The kVp range recommended for knee projections is:
What is lipohemarthrosis?
What is lipohemarthrosis?
Which imaging technique is essential to detect lipohemarthrosis after an acute injury?
Which imaging technique is essential to detect lipohemarthrosis after an acute injury?
In the context of fractures, what type of fracture is a supracondylar fracture?
In the context of fractures, what type of fracture is a supracondylar fracture?
Which condition is associated with osteochondritis dissecans?
Which condition is associated with osteochondritis dissecans?
What is a common consequence of a tibial plateau fracture?
What is a common consequence of a tibial plateau fracture?
Which of the following is NOT a technical consideration to detect lipohemarthrosis?
Which of the following is NOT a technical consideration to detect lipohemarthrosis?
What type of injury commonly leads to acute knee trauma?
What type of injury commonly leads to acute knee trauma?
What is the main clinical rationale for performing knee radiography?
What is the main clinical rationale for performing knee radiography?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the knee joint?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the knee joint?
Which method is primarily used for the routine projection of the knee joint?
Which method is primarily used for the routine projection of the knee joint?
What type of joint is primarily regarded as the knee joint?
What type of joint is primarily regarded as the knee joint?
How many bones are involved in the knee joint?
How many bones are involved in the knee joint?
Which projection technique is important for standard knee radiography?
Which projection technique is important for standard knee radiography?
In knee anatomy, the joint primarily responsible for hinge movement is which?
In knee anatomy, the joint primarily responsible for hinge movement is which?
Which of these anatomical points would be involved in a routine knee radiography?
Which of these anatomical points would be involved in a routine knee radiography?
What is the correct angulation of the CR for the PA axial weight-bearing bilateral knee projection using the Rosenberg Method?
What is the correct angulation of the CR for the PA axial weight-bearing bilateral knee projection using the Rosenberg Method?
In which position should the patient be for the PA axial weight-bearing projection of the knees?
In which position should the patient be for the PA axial weight-bearing projection of the knees?
Who should apply joint stress for knee stress projections?
Who should apply joint stress for knee stress projections?
What condition is indicated by using a bilateral knee weight-bearing projection?
What condition is indicated by using a bilateral knee weight-bearing projection?
What is typically evaluated using stress projections of the knee?
What is typically evaluated using stress projections of the knee?
Which view is used to assess the left knee in a patient with osteopenia?
Which view is used to assess the left knee in a patient with osteopenia?
Which of the following conditions would a bilateral knee weight-bearing projection help assess?
Which of the following conditions would a bilateral knee weight-bearing projection help assess?
What should patient positioning ensure during the knee radiographic projections?
What should patient positioning ensure during the knee radiographic projections?
Flashcards
What bones make up the knee joint?
What bones make up the knee joint?
The knee joint is formed by four bones: the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), fibula (lower leg bone), and patella (kneecap).
What are the two main joints of the knee?
What are the two main joints of the knee?
The knee joint consists of two primary joints: the femorotibial joint (FTJ), which is a hinge joint, and the patellofemoral joint (PFJ), which is a modified hinge joint.
What is the primary knee joint?
What is the primary knee joint?
The femorotibial joint (FTJ) is the primary knee joint, often considered the main knee joint.
What is the purpose of knee radiography?
What is the purpose of knee radiography?
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What are the standard projections for knee radiography?
What are the standard projections for knee radiography?
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What is the purpose of the tunnel view?
What is the purpose of the tunnel view?
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What type of projection provides the best view of the patella?
What type of projection provides the best view of the patella?
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What are some additional knee radiography projections?
What are some additional knee radiography projections?
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Articular cartilage
Articular cartilage
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Meniscus
Meniscus
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Collateral ligaments
Collateral ligaments
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Tibial collateral ligament (MCL)
Tibial collateral ligament (MCL)
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Fibular collateral ligament (LCL)
Fibular collateral ligament (LCL)
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Cruciate ligaments
Cruciate ligaments
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
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Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
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What is internal derangement of the knee?
What is internal derangement of the knee?
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What is lipohemarthrosis?
What is lipohemarthrosis?
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Why is horizontal beam lateral important?
Why is horizontal beam lateral important?
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What causes lipohemarthrosis?
What causes lipohemarthrosis?
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Name two types of knee fractures.
Name two types of knee fractures.
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What is osteochondritis dessicans?
What is osteochondritis dessicans?
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What is a pathological fracture?
What is a pathological fracture?
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What is a supracondylar fracture of the distal femur?
What is a supracondylar fracture of the distal femur?
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AP Knee Projection
AP Knee Projection
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Lateral Knee Projection
Lateral Knee Projection
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Femorotibial Joint
Femorotibial Joint
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Patellofemoral Joint
Patellofemoral Joint
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Why is the fibula head important for rotation?
Why is the fibula head important for rotation?
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Why is the patella superimposed over the femur in AP?
Why is the patella superimposed over the femur in AP?
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CR Angulation for AP Knee
CR Angulation for AP Knee
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Lateral Knee Position
Lateral Knee Position
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Rosenberg Method
Rosenberg Method
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Stress Projections
Stress Projections
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What is the Clinical Rationale for additional projections?
What is the Clinical Rationale for additional projections?
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What is CR angulation for PA axial weight-bearing bilateral knee projection?
What is CR angulation for PA axial weight-bearing bilateral knee projection?
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What is the difference between AP and PA projections?
What is the difference between AP and PA projections?
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Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Knee Flexion
Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Knee Flexion
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Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Tube Angulation
Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Tube Angulation
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Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Positioning
Standard Lateral Knee Projection: Positioning
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Lateral Knee Projection: Muscle Tightness
Lateral Knee Projection: Muscle Tightness
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Lateral Knee Projection: Patella Positioning
Lateral Knee Projection: Patella Positioning
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Lateral Knee Projection: Intercondylar Fossa Projections
Lateral Knee Projection: Intercondylar Fossa Projections
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Lateral Knee Projection: Tangential Projection of Patella
Lateral Knee Projection: Tangential Projection of Patella
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Positioning of the Patient: Standard Lateral Projection
Positioning of the Patient: Standard Lateral Projection
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Study Notes
Knee Radiography Lecture Notes
- The lecture covers radiographic anatomy and positioning of the knee joint.
- Learning objectives include identifying reasons for knee radiography, listing routine projections, and describing positioning methods.
- Required readings include specific chapters and pages from textbooks by Bontrager and Lampignano and McQuillen Martensen. Additional reading is recommended for specific knee projections.
- The knee joint is composed of four bones: femur, tibia, fibula, and patella.
- Anatomical details include the popliteal surface, patellar surface, medial and lateral epicondyles, medial and lateral condyles, and the intercondylar fossa.
- The knee joint is primarily the femorotibial joint (FTJ), a synovial hinge joint. The patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a modified hinge joint.
- Cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) and collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) control knee movement.
- Reasons for knee x-rays include injury or trauma to soft tissues (sprains, strains, tears, effusions), bones (fractures, dislocations), and diseases (acquired or congenital).
- A horizontal beam lateral is essential for detecting lipohemarthrosis which is blood and fat leakage in a suprapatellar pouch.
- Possible fractures due to trauma or pathological reasons include supracondylar fractures of the distal femur, lateral tibial condyle fractures, and tibial plateau fractures.
- Other conditions include osteochondritis dessicans, chondromalacia patellae, and conditions like synovial chondromatosis or osteochondromatosis.
- Osgood-Schlatter's disease is inflammation of the bone and cartilage at the tibial tuberosity, commonly appearing in boys aged 10 to 15.
- Technical considerations include the use of 100cm SID, small focal spot, kVp range 60-70, and short exposure time .
- Basic views include AP and lateral projections. Additional views include intercondylar fossa, tangential projection of the patella, and stress views.
- If implants exist, the full length of the implant must be shown in the image.
- Patient preparation involves appropriate positioning, pain management, and potential use of a trolley for less mobile patients. Patients may need assistance getting onto the x-ray table, and should be provided with a gown and gonadal shielding.
- Specific positioning details are included for the AP and lateral projections of the knee, as well as directions on how to determine proper positioning of the knee.
- For the AP, the patient should be supine with the leg extended, the cassette centered over the apex of the patella. The femoral epicondyles should be parallel to the film plane, and the femorotibial joint space should be open. Internal rotation of 3-5 degrees may be necessary if required to obtain appropriate superposition. In patients with thin thighs, a caudal angulation is required; in patients with larger thighs, cephalad positioning is required.
- For the lateral knee view, the patient should be turned to the affected side, the knee flexed between 20–30 degrees, cassette centred over the knee, and Central Ray directed 2.5cm distal to medial condyle and 5–7 degrees cephalad.
Supplementary Projections/Additional Projections/Additional radiographic projections
- Oblique projections highlight the patella.
- Weightbearing projections, both AP and PA axial (Rosenberg Method).
Activity 1: Clinical Rationale Discussion Point
- Two critical technical considerations for detecting lipohaemoarthrosis include the horizontal beam method and accurate exposure.
Activity 2: Radiographic Projections of the Knee
- Determining the correct CR angulation for the PA axial weightbearing projection (Rosenberg Method) is needed.
References
- The presentation provides a list of relevant references.
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Description
Test your knowledge on knee anatomy, including ligaments, menisci, and imaging techniques. This quiz covers the functions of various knee components, common injuries, and optimal radiographic positioning. Perfect for students in medical imaging or anatomy courses.
