Questions and Answers
Joint movement such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, or rotation is referred to as ________.
osteokinematic motion
This type of motion is done under voluntary control.
osteokinematic
________ is commonly thought of as one bone moving on another, causing such motions as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, or rotation.
joint movement
Occurs when muscles contract to move joints through their ranges of motion.
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Occurs when a person's joint is moved passively through its range of motion.
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When a clinician passively moves a patient's joint through its range of motion, it is usually done to maintain or restore ________.
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The nature of the resistance the clinician feels at the end of the range.
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An end feel can either be ________ or ________.
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Normal end feel exists when there is full passive range of motion at a joint, limited by expected anatomical structures.
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An example of soft end feel would be when ________ is stopped by the approximation of the forearm and arm.
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The most common end feel.
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Name the three types of normal end feel.
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These types of abnormal end feel include which of the following?
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This type of end feel is usually qualified by labeling the tissue type that limits the motion.
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With muscle spasm, _________ of the muscle will reveal the muscle in spasm.
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This type of end feel occurs when movement produces considerable pain.
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Accessary motion forces that assist in the stability of a joint include ________.
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This joint surface shape is concave in an anterior-posterior direction and convex in a medial-lateral direction.
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This type of arthrokinematic motion involves a twisting motion.
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This type of arthrokinematic motion prevents one joint surface from rolling off the edge of the other before a joint motion is complete.
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This type of arthrokinematic motion is described as the rolling of one joint surface on another.
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The joint surfaces of the knee are a good example of how roll and glide work together to keep the joint surfaces aligned.
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Study Notes
Osteokinematic Motion
- Joint movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
- Osteokinematic motion is voluntary and controlled by muscles.
Joint Movement
- Defined as one bone moving relative to another, resulting in various motions.
Types of Motion
- AROM (Active Range of Motion): Movements initiated by muscle contraction.
- PROM (Passive Range of Motion): Movements achieved through external force without muscle effort.
- ROM (Range of Motion): Assessed during passive joint movement to maintain or restore mobility.
End Feel
- Describes the resistance felt at the end of a joint's range of motion.
- Types of end feel: Normal (restricted by expected anatomical structures) and Abnormal (restricted by pain, muscle guarding, or swelling).
Normal End Feel Types
- Soft: Occurs when muscle bulk compresses (e.g., elbow flexion).
- Firm: Results from tension in tissues (most common type).
- Hard: Characterized by resistance when bone contacts bone (e.g., elbow extension).
Abnormal End Feel Types
- Boggy: Soft feel due to edema, often seen in acute conditions (e.g., after a sprained ankle).
- Muscle Spasm: Protective reflex causing guarding during movement.
- Empty: Pain prevents movement; clinician can't assess full motion limits.
- Springy Block: Rebound sensation at the end of ROM, indicating internal joint derangement.
Arthrokinematic Motion
- Refers to how adjacent joint surfaces move during joint movement.
- Consists of small movements accompanying osteokinematic motion.
Types of Arthrokinematic Motion
- Component Movements: Necessary for osteokinematic motion, cannot occur independently.
- Joint Play: Arthrokinematic movement facilitated by external forces creating passive motion.
Joint Mobilization Techniques
- Involves applying external forces to enhance joint mobility and decrease pain.
- Forces used include traction, compression, and shearing to facilitate movement.
Forces in Joint Dynamics
- Traction: Pulling surfaces apart, assisting mobility (e.g., hanging from a bar).
- Compression: Pushing surfaces together, enhancing stability (e.g., push-ups).
- Shearing: Causes gliding motion between joint surfaces.
Joint Surface Shapes
- Joints are classified as either ovoid (convex-concave relationship) or sellar (saddle-shaped, concave in one direction and convex in another).
- Surface shape influences joint motion characteristics.
Arthrokinematic Actions
- Roll: Surface rolling over another (e.g., a ball rolling).
- Glide: Linear movement across another surface (e.g., an ice skate).
- Spin: Rotational motion around a fixed point (e.g., top spinning on a table).
Rolling and Gliding
- Roll and glide must work together for effective motion and alignment in joints, such as in the knee.
Accessory Motion
- Bending and rotary (torsional) represent complex combinations of forces acting on joints.
Significance in Kinesiology
- Understanding these movements and forces is essential for rehabilitative practices and therapeutic techniques in kinesiology.
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Description
Test your understanding of arthrokinematics with this quiz focused on joint movement terms. Explore definitions and concepts such as osteokinematic motion and joint movement types. Perfect for students studying kinesiology or related health sciences.
