Movement Science Week 3 - Arthrokinematics Review

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Questions and Answers

What does arthrokinematics primarily focus on?

The overall movement patterns of the body

The motion of the bones

The position of the limbs in space

The motion between joint surfaces (correct)

Which term describes the rotary or angular motion where multiple points of one surface contact multiple points of another?

Rolling (correct)

Sliding

Spinning

Pivoting

What is the main difference between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics?

Osteokinematics is concerned with muscle action, whereas arthrokinematics is not.

Osteokinematics focuses on the bones themselves, while arthrokinematics focuses on joint movement. (correct)

Arthrokinematics and osteokinematics are the same concepts.

Osteokinematics deals with joint surfaces, while arthrokinematics deals with bones.

Which of the following motions is NOT one of the basic arthrokinematic motions?

Translating Signup and view all the answers

What important clinical concept is described by the concave-convex rule?

The manner in which surfaces interact during joint movement Signup and view all the answers

What describes the process of shoulder abduction during joint movement?

A single point of the humeral head contacts multiple points on the glenoid. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the motion known as spinning in joint movement?

A single point on a rotating surface contacts another single point. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no concomitant slide during femoral rolling in the knee?

The femur will roll off the tibial plateau. Signup and view all the answers

What is the screw home mechanism associated with?

Locking the knee into place during full extension. Signup and view all the answers

What does joint distraction involve?

Pulling joint surfaces away from each other to increase mobility. Signup and view all the answers

During the McMurray test, what is the purpose of externally rotating the tibia?

To compress the medial meniscus under pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does joint compression have during physical assessments?

It aids in improving joint stability by bringing surfaces together. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs concurrently with the roll during knee flexion?

A slide takes place to maintain contact with the tibial plateau. Signup and view all the answers

Which joint movement is associated with a rotary or angular motion?

Pronation and supination of the wrist. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arthrokinematics vs. Osteokinematics

Arthrokinematics describes joint surface motion (from Greek "arthro" - joint, "kinema" - motion).
Osteokinematics focuses on bone movement.

Arthrokinematic Motions

Three basic arthrokinematic motions: rolling (or rocking), sliding (or gliding), and spinning.
Rolling: Multiple points on one surface contact multiple points on another (e.g., shoulder abduction).
Sliding: Single point on one surface contacts multiple points on another (e.g., shoulder abduction). In shoulder abduction, sliding occurs opposite to rolling.
Spinning: Single point on one surface contacts a single point on another (e.g., radius rotating on humerus during pronation/supination).
Most joint movements combine rolling, sliding, and spinning. Without the appropriate slide, rolling can cause joint surfaces to lose contact (e.g., femur rolling off tibia without a simultaneous slide).

Joint Play (Accessory Motion)

Small arthrokinematic motions enabling full active joint motion.
Therapists use joint compression (surfaces move together, improves stability, e.g., McMurray test for meniscus tear) and distraction (surfaces pulled apart, increases mobility, e.g., Lachman test for ACL tear) to assess joint integrity.

Convex-Concave Rule

Convex-on-concave: If the convex surface moves, the slide occurs in the opposite direction of the roll.
Concave-on-convex: If the concave surface moves, the slide occurs in the same direction as the roll.

Instantaneous Axis of Rotation

The center of motion changes as a joint moves.
The evolute describes the path of the instantaneous axis of rotation. Goniometer measurements are approximations; the true center of rotation is rarely fixed.

Closed-Packed vs. Open-Packed Joint Positions

Closed-packed: Maximum surface contact; accessory motion is minimized; ligaments are taut; joint is compressed (e.g., full knee extension).
Open-packed (loose-packed): Joint surfaces don't fit perfectly; ligaments are slack; allows for joint distraction (e.g., knee flexion at 20-30 degrees). Joint play is measured in the open-packed position.

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Description

This quiz explores the differences between arthrokinematics and osteokinematics, highlighting the key motions involved in joint movements. Understand the roles of rolling, sliding, and spinning in joints and the concept of joint play. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biomechanics.