Day 7

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Questions and Answers

What does BMR stand for in the context of energy expenditure?

Basal Metabolic Rate (correct)

Body Mass Ratio

Basic Metabolic Response

Baseline Metabolic Regulation

What does the NEAT principle refer to?

Non-Engagement Activity Training

Nutritional Energy Activity Theory

Natural Energy Adjustment Timing

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (correct)

What factor is associated with the thermogenic effect in terms of energy expenditure?

Basal metabolic rate fluctuations

Metabolic adaptations

Physical exercise intensity

Digestive processes (correct)

In the context of constrained energy compensation, what is mainly affected?

Physical activity energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between caloric burn and exercise?

You burn more calories without any changes to physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method?

To determine energy expenditure over a prolonged period. Signup and view all the answers

Which isotopes are used in the doubly labeled water method?

2H and 18O Signup and view all the answers

How is oxygen consumption estimated in the DLW method?

By analyzing CO2 production. Signup and view all the answers

What does RER stand for in the context of exercise physiology?

Respiratory Exchange Ratio Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'EE' stand for in the context of energy assessment?

Energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

If a subject averages an oxygen consumption of 3.4 L·min-1 and CO2 production of 2.9 L·min-1, what is their RER?

0.85 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to estimate BMR, RMR, and TEE?

Indirect calorimetry and formulas Signup and view all the answers

Over what time period is the DLW method effective in determining energy expenditure?

Days or weeks Signup and view all the answers

In the example given, which characteristic is NOT mentioned about the male subject?

Body fat percentage Signup and view all the answers

How many total calories are expended during 30 minutes of exercise at the given rates?

495.9 kcal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring RER during steady-state exercise?

To evaluate substrate utilization Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'RMR' refer to as indicated in the document?

Resting metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

What does kcals·liter O2 represent in the context of caloric expenditure?

The energy cost of one liter of oxygen consumed Signup and view all the answers

What relationship between CO2 production and O2 consumption is utilized in the DLW method?

One can be computed from the other. Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the caloric contribution of carbohydrates during exercise, which measure is used?

Grams of carbs multiplied by 4 kcal/gram Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical parameters is least likely to directly influence BMR?

Aerobic fitness level Signup and view all the answers

What is the total caloric need for a male office worker with a resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 1680 kcal?

2352 kcal Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily used to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) for different genders?

Body composition Signup and view all the answers

What does 1 MET represent in terms of energy expenditure?

1 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 Signup and view all the answers

How is the caloric expenditure from physical activity/exercise determined?

By multiplying MET values by body weight Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly represents Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

TEE = RMR + Occupational + Physical Activity/Exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences resting energy expenditure (REE)?

Eating habits Signup and view all the answers

In calculating caloric needs, what does a physical activity log help to identify?

Additional caloric expenditure from physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which method is referred to as the factorial method in predicting energy expenditure?

Summing multiple components of energy requirement calculations Signup and view all the answers

How many calories are obtained from carbohydrates when consuming a total of 495.9 calories at an RER of 0.507?

251.4 cal Signup and view all the answers

Using caloric density, how many grams of fat correspond to 244.5 calories?

26.3 g Signup and view all the answers

What does an RER of 0.9 indicate about substrate utilization during exercise?

High reliance on carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to calculate the grams of carbohydrates during exercise?

O2 consumption and known caloric density Signup and view all the answers

In the context of endurance athletes, what does carbohydrate periodization refer to?

Adjusting carbohydrate intake based on exercise demands Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating non-protein substrate utilization for athletes?

To create a fueling guide for exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the caloric density of carbohydrates used for calculations?

4.2 cal/g Signup and view all the answers

During a 4-hour marathon at an RER of 0.9, what percentage of energy comes from fats?

32.5% Signup and view all the answers

What does the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) represent?

The ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption Signup and view all the answers

What RQ value is typically associated with carbohydrate oxidation?

1.00 Signup and view all the answers

If Noah performed 40 minutes of resistance training at 6 METs, how is the energy expenditure calculated?

MET × body weight × time in hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?

To predict energy expenditure in clinical practice Signup and view all the answers

How much was Noah's total energy expenditure (TEE) calculated to be?

2637 kcal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values is considered typical for fat oxidation?

0.82 Signup and view all the answers

In the calculation of Noah's physical activity energy expenditure, which unit is used for MET?

kcal·kg-1·hr-1 Signup and view all the answers

Why is a value of 0.82 significant in the context of respiratory quotient (RQ)?

Represents the RQ for protein oxidation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course Title: KIN 3110 | Advanced Fitness Assessment
Instructor: Robert Gumieak, PhD
University: University of Guelph-Humber

Plan for the Day

Recap of last class/lab
Interesting reading material (Burn by Herman Pontzer, PhD)
Methods for measuring RER
Methods for estimating BMR/RMR/TEE

Key Questions

What is RER? Why does it matter?
What is RER testing? How do we do it?
What would we do with the results of an RER test?
What is BMR, RMR, and TEE?
How do we measure them?
How can we estimate them?
What are the applications of these values?

Metabolism of Energy Substrates

Carbohydrates: CHO + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP; RER = 6CO₂ / 6O₂ = 1.0
Fats (Palmitate): C₁₆H₃₂O₂ + 23O₂ → 16CO₂ + 16H₂O + ATP; RER = 16CO₂ / 23O₂ = 0.7
Protein (Albumine): CHNO₂S + 77O₂ → 6300₂ + 38H₂O + CO(NH₂) + ATP; RER = 6300₂ / 77O₂ = 0.82

Table 8.1 - Thermal Equivalents of Oxygen

Table providing kcals per L O₂ and the percentage derived from carbohydrate and fat, based on different RQ/RER values.

Calculating Substrate Utilization

During 30 minutes of steady-state exercise:
- Oxygen consumption: 3.4 L/min
- CO₂ production: 2.9 L/min
- RQ/RER: 2.9 / 3.4 = 0.85
- kcals/liter O₂: 4.862
- Total kcals per 30 minutes: 495.9
Calculation of CHO and FAT kcals and grams. Use the table supplied.

Non-Protein Substrate Utilization

Calculate kcals from CHO and Fat using the percentage from the table and the total kcals calculated from (RQ/RER)
Calculate grams of CHO and Fat from the kcals

Two Ways to Calculate Energy Substrate

Use table "grams per liter O₂" to determine CHO & Fat amounts (from O₂ consumption and table)
Use known caloric density of substrates (4.2 kcal/g for CHO, 9.4 kcal/g for Fat) and measured CHO & Fat expenditure to determine the amounts.

Application for Endurance Athletes

RER determines substrate utilization
Substrate can be a limiting factor in performance
Substrate intake is limited during exercise
Create a fueling guide for exercise & post-exercise
Training plans to enhance training

Case Study - Substrate Utilization

4-hour marathon, 10 min/mile
RER of 0.9 (VO₂ = 2.5 L/min, VCO₂ = 2.25 L/min), 67.5% carbohydrate usage
Calculate the amount of carbohydrate to ingest per hour to maintain exercise intensity. Use grams per L O₂ to calculate.

BMR, RMR and TEE

BMR: minimal energy for basic function.
RMR: energy for essential functions in a relaxed/awake state, 10% higher than BMR.
TEE: sum of BMR/RMR, dietary thermogenesis, & physical activity. Categorize these elements.

Constrained Energy Compensation

Energy budget in adults, models of energy management.

Direct Calorimetry

Disadvantages: Cannot follow rapid energy changes. Equipment generates heat. Not all heat is liberated. Perspiration affects measurements.

Indirect Calorimetry

Based on oxidative metabolism of glucose & fat for aerobic exercise.
Calculate the ratio of O₂ consumed to CO₂ produced to determine calorie value.
Recall RQ/RER values calculated from the supplied table.

Indirect Calorimeter Systems Summary (Table)

Shows percentage error by system.

Doubly Labeled Water

Oral dose of stable isotopes of 2H and 18O is taken.
Disappearance rates of isotopes measure water & CO₂ turnover.
CO₂ production & O₂ consumption related; once CO₂ determined, O₂ consumption known.
Calculates EE over prolonged periods.

Predicting Energy Expenditure - RMR

Equations for predicting RMR (Harris-Benedict, Kleiber, Livingston-Kohlstadt, Mifflin) for men & women.

Case Study – Predicting Energy Expenditure

Calculate Noah's TEE given his weight, RMR, & resistance training.

Next Class

Topic: Musculoskeletal Fitness Assessment (chapters 7-8, appendix C)

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on advanced fitness concepts including RER, BMR, RMR, and TEE. This quiz covers essential methods for measuring and estimating these metabolic parameters, as well as their applications in fitness assessment. Prepare to explore the metabolism of energy substrates and their significance in health and fitness.