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Questions and Answers
What does BMR stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
What does BMR stand for in the context of energy expenditure?
- Basal Metabolic Rate (correct)
- Body Mass Ratio
- Basic Metabolic Response
- Baseline Metabolic Regulation
What does the NEAT principle refer to?
What does the NEAT principle refer to?
- Non-Engagement Activity Training
- Nutritional Energy Activity Theory
- Natural Energy Adjustment Timing
- Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (correct)
What factor is associated with the thermogenic effect in terms of energy expenditure?
What factor is associated with the thermogenic effect in terms of energy expenditure?
- Basal metabolic rate fluctuations
- Metabolic adaptations
- Physical exercise intensity
- Digestive processes (correct)
In the context of constrained energy compensation, what is mainly affected?
In the context of constrained energy compensation, what is mainly affected?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between caloric burn and exercise?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between caloric burn and exercise?
What is the primary purpose of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method?
What is the primary purpose of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method?
Which isotopes are used in the doubly labeled water method?
Which isotopes are used in the doubly labeled water method?
How is oxygen consumption estimated in the DLW method?
How is oxygen consumption estimated in the DLW method?
What does RER stand for in the context of exercise physiology?
What does RER stand for in the context of exercise physiology?
What does the abbreviation 'EE' stand for in the context of energy assessment?
What does the abbreviation 'EE' stand for in the context of energy assessment?
If a subject averages an oxygen consumption of 3.4 L·min-1 and CO2 production of 2.9 L·min-1, what is their RER?
If a subject averages an oxygen consumption of 3.4 L·min-1 and CO2 production of 2.9 L·min-1, what is their RER?
Which of the following is used to estimate BMR, RMR, and TEE?
Which of the following is used to estimate BMR, RMR, and TEE?
Over what time period is the DLW method effective in determining energy expenditure?
Over what time period is the DLW method effective in determining energy expenditure?
In the example given, which characteristic is NOT mentioned about the male subject?
In the example given, which characteristic is NOT mentioned about the male subject?
How many total calories are expended during 30 minutes of exercise at the given rates?
How many total calories are expended during 30 minutes of exercise at the given rates?
What is the main purpose of measuring RER during steady-state exercise?
What is the main purpose of measuring RER during steady-state exercise?
What does the term 'RMR' refer to as indicated in the document?
What does the term 'RMR' refer to as indicated in the document?
What does kcals·liter O2 represent in the context of caloric expenditure?
What does kcals·liter O2 represent in the context of caloric expenditure?
What relationship between CO2 production and O2 consumption is utilized in the DLW method?
What relationship between CO2 production and O2 consumption is utilized in the DLW method?
When calculating the caloric contribution of carbohydrates during exercise, which measure is used?
When calculating the caloric contribution of carbohydrates during exercise, which measure is used?
Which of the following physical parameters is least likely to directly influence BMR?
Which of the following physical parameters is least likely to directly influence BMR?
What is the total caloric need for a male office worker with a resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 1680 kcal?
What is the total caloric need for a male office worker with a resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 1680 kcal?
Which factor is primarily used to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) for different genders?
Which factor is primarily used to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) for different genders?
What does 1 MET represent in terms of energy expenditure?
What does 1 MET represent in terms of energy expenditure?
How is the caloric expenditure from physical activity/exercise determined?
How is the caloric expenditure from physical activity/exercise determined?
Which equation correctly represents Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
Which equation correctly represents Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences resting energy expenditure (REE)?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences resting energy expenditure (REE)?
In calculating caloric needs, what does a physical activity log help to identify?
In calculating caloric needs, what does a physical activity log help to identify?
Which method is referred to as the factorial method in predicting energy expenditure?
Which method is referred to as the factorial method in predicting energy expenditure?
How many calories are obtained from carbohydrates when consuming a total of 495.9 calories at an RER of 0.507?
How many calories are obtained from carbohydrates when consuming a total of 495.9 calories at an RER of 0.507?
Using caloric density, how many grams of fat correspond to 244.5 calories?
Using caloric density, how many grams of fat correspond to 244.5 calories?
What does an RER of 0.9 indicate about substrate utilization during exercise?
What does an RER of 0.9 indicate about substrate utilization during exercise?
Which method can be used to calculate the grams of carbohydrates during exercise?
Which method can be used to calculate the grams of carbohydrates during exercise?
In the context of endurance athletes, what does carbohydrate periodization refer to?
In the context of endurance athletes, what does carbohydrate periodization refer to?
What is the purpose of calculating non-protein substrate utilization for athletes?
What is the purpose of calculating non-protein substrate utilization for athletes?
What is the caloric density of carbohydrates used for calculations?
What is the caloric density of carbohydrates used for calculations?
During a 4-hour marathon at an RER of 0.9, what percentage of energy comes from fats?
During a 4-hour marathon at an RER of 0.9, what percentage of energy comes from fats?
What does the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) represent?
What does the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) represent?
What RQ value is typically associated with carbohydrate oxidation?
What RQ value is typically associated with carbohydrate oxidation?
If Noah performed 40 minutes of resistance training at 6 METs, how is the energy expenditure calculated?
If Noah performed 40 minutes of resistance training at 6 METs, how is the energy expenditure calculated?
What is the purpose of measuring Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
What is the purpose of measuring Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?
How much was Noah's total energy expenditure (TEE) calculated to be?
How much was Noah's total energy expenditure (TEE) calculated to be?
Which of the following values is considered typical for fat oxidation?
Which of the following values is considered typical for fat oxidation?
In the calculation of Noah's physical activity energy expenditure, which unit is used for MET?
In the calculation of Noah's physical activity energy expenditure, which unit is used for MET?
Why is a value of 0.82 significant in the context of respiratory quotient (RQ)?
Why is a value of 0.82 significant in the context of respiratory quotient (RQ)?
Flashcards
RER (Respiratory Exchange Ratio)
RER (Respiratory Exchange Ratio)
The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during metabolism, indicating the relative use of carbohydrates and fats.
BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
The minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain basic bodily functions at rest.
RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)
RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)
The amount of energy expended to maintain basic body functions while resting but not completely at rest, such as sitting or lightly moving.
TEE (Total Energy Expenditure)
TEE (Total Energy Expenditure)
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Calculating RER
Calculating RER
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Estimating Energy Expenditure
Estimating Energy Expenditure
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Substrate Utilization
Substrate Utilization
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Calculating Calories from RER
Calculating Calories from RER
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Calculating kcals from CHO and Fat
Calculating kcals from CHO and Fat
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Calculating grams of CHO and Fat
Calculating grams of CHO and Fat
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
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Carbohydrate Periodization
Carbohydrate Periodization
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Marathon Substrate Utilization
Marathon Substrate Utilization
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RER and substrate utilization
RER and substrate utilization
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Substrate-limiting Factor
Substrate-limiting Factor
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
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Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
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Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
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Energy Compensation
Energy Compensation
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Doubly Labeled Water (DLW)
Doubly Labeled Water (DLW)
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How does DLW measure EE?
How does DLW measure EE?
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What's the most accurate way to estimate RMR?
What's the most accurate way to estimate RMR?
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Common RMR prediction equations
Common RMR prediction equations
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Importance of validating RMR equations
Importance of validating RMR equations
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Impact of underestimating RMR
Impact of underestimating RMR
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Prado-Nóvoa, Olalla, et al.
Prado-Nóvoa, Olalla, et al.
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What is RMR?
What is RMR?
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What is Occupation-Related Energy?
What is Occupation-Related Energy?
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How do you calculate TEE?
How do you calculate TEE?
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What is the 2011 Compendium?
What is the 2011 Compendium?
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What is 1 MET?
What is 1 MET?
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How do you calculate kcal/minute?
How do you calculate kcal/minute?
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What factors influence REE?
What factors influence REE?
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What is the 'Factorial Method'?
What is the 'Factorial Method'?
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What does RER tell us?
What does RER tell us?
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How is RER calculated?
How is RER calculated?
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How is TEE calculated?
How is TEE calculated?
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What are METs?
What are METs?
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What is the relationship between METs and energy expenditure?
What is the relationship between METs and energy expenditure?
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How is energy expenditure from physical activity calculated?
How is energy expenditure from physical activity calculated?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: KIN 3110 | Advanced Fitness Assessment
- Instructor: Robert Gumieak, PhD
- University: University of Guelph-Humber
Plan for the Day
- Recap of last class/lab
- Interesting reading material (Burn by Herman Pontzer, PhD)
- Methods for measuring RER
- Methods for estimating BMR/RMR/TEE
Key Questions
- What is RER? Why does it matter?
- What is RER testing? How do we do it?
- What would we do with the results of an RER test?
- What is BMR, RMR, and TEE?
- How do we measure them?
- How can we estimate them?
- What are the applications of these values?
Metabolism of Energy Substrates
- Carbohydrates: CHO + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP; RER = 6CO₂ / 6O₂ = 1.0
- Fats (Palmitate): C₁₆H₃₂O₂ + 23O₂ → 16CO₂ + 16H₂O + ATP; RER = 16CO₂ / 23O₂ = 0.7
- Protein (Albumine): CHNO₂S + 77O₂ → 6300₂ + 38H₂O + CO(NH₂) + ATP; RER = 6300₂ / 77O₂ = 0.82
Table 8.1 - Thermal Equivalents of Oxygen
- Table providing kcals per L O₂ and the percentage derived from carbohydrate and fat, based on different RQ/RER values.
Calculating Substrate Utilization
- During 30 minutes of steady-state exercise:
- Oxygen consumption: 3.4 L/min
- CO₂ production: 2.9 L/min
- RQ/RER: 2.9 / 3.4 = 0.85
- kcals/liter O₂: 4.862
- Total kcals per 30 minutes: 495.9
- Calculation of CHO and FAT kcals and grams. Use the table supplied.
Non-Protein Substrate Utilization
- Calculate kcals from CHO and Fat using the percentage from the table and the total kcals calculated from (RQ/RER)
- Calculate grams of CHO and Fat from the kcals
Two Ways to Calculate Energy Substrate
- Use table "grams per liter O₂" to determine CHO & Fat amounts (from O₂ consumption and table)
- Use known caloric density of substrates (4.2 kcal/g for CHO, 9.4 kcal/g for Fat) and measured CHO & Fat expenditure to determine the amounts.
Application for Endurance Athletes
- RER determines substrate utilization
- Substrate can be a limiting factor in performance
- Substrate intake is limited during exercise
- Create a fueling guide for exercise & post-exercise
- Training plans to enhance training
Case Study - Substrate Utilization
- 4-hour marathon, 10 min/mile
- RER of 0.9 (VO₂ = 2.5 L/min, VCO₂ = 2.25 L/min), 67.5% carbohydrate usage
- Calculate the amount of carbohydrate to ingest per hour to maintain exercise intensity. Use grams per L O₂ to calculate.
BMR, RMR and TEE
- BMR: minimal energy for basic function.
- RMR: energy for essential functions in a relaxed/awake state, 10% higher than BMR.
- TEE: sum of BMR/RMR, dietary thermogenesis, & physical activity. Categorize these elements.
Constrained Energy Compensation
- Energy budget in adults, models of energy management.
Direct Calorimetry
- Disadvantages: Cannot follow rapid energy changes. Equipment generates heat. Not all heat is liberated. Perspiration affects measurements.
Indirect Calorimetry
- Based on oxidative metabolism of glucose & fat for aerobic exercise.
- Calculate the ratio of O₂ consumed to CO₂ produced to determine calorie value.
- Recall RQ/RER values calculated from the supplied table.
Indirect Calorimeter Systems Summary (Table)
- Shows percentage error by system.
Doubly Labeled Water
- Oral dose of stable isotopes of 2H and 18O is taken.
- Disappearance rates of isotopes measure water & CO₂ turnover.
- CO₂ production & O₂ consumption related; once CO₂ determined, O₂ consumption known.
- Calculates EE over prolonged periods.
Predicting Energy Expenditure - RMR
- Equations for predicting RMR (Harris-Benedict, Kleiber, Livingston-Kohlstadt, Mifflin) for men & women.
Case Study – Predicting Energy Expenditure
- Calculate Noah's TEE given his weight, RMR, & resistance training.
Next Class
- Topic: Musculoskeletal Fitness Assessment (chapters 7-8, appendix C)
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Description
Test your knowledge on advanced fitness concepts including RER, BMR, RMR, and TEE. This quiz covers essential methods for measuring and estimating these metabolic parameters, as well as their applications in fitness assessment. Prepare to explore the metabolism of energy substrates and their significance in health and fitness.
