Day7-KIN3110-2024-RERRMRTEE PDF

KIN 3110 | ADVANCED FITNESS ASSESSMENT ROBERT GUMIENIAK, PhD.  PLAN FOR THE DAY… 1. Re-cap last class/lab...

KIN 3110 | ADVANCED FITNESS ASSESSMENT ROBERT GUMIENIAK, PhD.  PLAN FOR THE DAY… 1. Re-cap last class/lab 2. Interesting read… 3. Methods for measuring RER 4. Methods for estimating BMR/RMR/TEE KEY QUESTIONS What is RER? Why does it matter? - What is RER testing? How do we do it? - What would we do with the results of an RER test? What is BMR, RMR and TEE - How do we measure them? - How do can we estimate them? - What are the applications of these values? https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/603894/burn-by-herman- pontzer-phd/ RECALL THE METABOLISM OF ENERGY SUBSTRATES... Loading…  about even - Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, Energy and Human Performance. 7th Edition. William McArdle. pp 188.  CALCULATING SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION During 30 minutes of steady-state exercise a subject averages an oxygen consumption of 3.4 L·min-1 with a CO2 production of 2.9 L·min-1. CO2 / 02 RER (KC2) per 10 c) - RQ or RER = 2.9/3.4 = 0.85 from table based on Loading… ↓ - kcals·liter O2 (from table based on RER) = 4.862 - 4.862 kcals·liter O2 x 3.4 L·min-1 = 16.53 kcals·min - Total Cals per 30 mins = 495.9 ↳ X 16. 33 Reals - Min How many cals and grams of CHOS? (refer to table) + 8. 579 How many cals and grams of FATs? (refer to table) > - 8 263.  NON-PROTEIN SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION Calculate # of kcals from CHO and Fat: (From table, based on calculated RER/RQ) 50.7% 0.507 x 495.9 = 251.4 cal from CHO 49.3% 0.493 x 495.9 = 244.5 cal from Fat Calculate # of grams of CHO and Fat I next slids  NON-PROTEIN SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION Two ways to calculate # of grams of an energy substrate: 1. Use table “grams per liter O2”: - CHO: 3.4 L·min-1 x 0.579 x 30 min = 59.1 g - Fat: 3.4 L·min-1 x 0.263 x 30 min = 26.8 g OR 2. Use “known” caloric density of substrates and measured CHO and Fat caloric expenditure: - 1 g of CHO = 4.2 cal - 251.4 cal from CHO ÷ (4.2 kcal/g) = 59.9 g CHO - 1 g of Fat = 9.4 cal - 244.5 cal from Fat ÷ (9.4 kcal/g) = 26.3 g Fat  WHY WOULD WE WANT TO KNOW THIS? RER determines substrate utilization. Substrate can be a limiting factor in performance. Substrate intake is limited during exercise. Create a fueling guide for exercise and post-exercise. Can create a training plan. - Train to increase Asker E. Jeukendrup (2011) Nutrition for endurance sports: Marathon, triathlon, and road cycling, Journal of Sports Sciences, 29:sup1, S91-S99, DOI:10.1080/02640414.2011.610348  APPLICATION FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES Framework for carbohydrate periodization based on the demands of the upcoming exercise session. Exercise intensity domain selection refers to the highest intensity attained during the exercise session. The exact carbohydrate requirements are to be personalized based on the expected energy demands of each exercise session. CHO carbohydrates, CP critical power, LT1 lactate threshold 1, LT2 lactate threshold 2, MLSS Podlogar, T., Wallis, G.A. New Horizons in Carbohydrate Research and Application for Endurance Athletes. Sports Med 52 (Suppl 1), 5–23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01757-1  CASE STUDY – substrate utilization During a 4-hour marathon you run at 10 min/mile. At an RER of 0.9 (VO2 = 2.5 L·min-1 ; VCO2 = 2.25 L·min-1) you are using 67.5% carbohydrates. Calculate the amount of carbohydrate you should ingest per hour to manage the exercise intensity? At an RER of 0.9 you are using 67.5% carbohydrates. - Note: use the ‘grams per L·O2’ to solve. table 2. 52 02 x 0. 7 ale from per min & - = 1 9775 CHO. g Hour ? min ~ x60 1 lag CHO/60min = 1. 9773. BMR, RMR AND TEE & Basal Metabolic Bate Global energy expendition ↳ non exercie activity Loading… thermogenesis ↳ in obesity treatment  CONSTRAINED ENERGY COMPENSATION Compensation ↑ NEAT Principle b thermal effect feeding Ex don't change #28 does how. Cal , you burn , but change you burn those cals. becarl the same ca twice spend , bariation here Should add in : 3 up - =TEE te undertaking extra activity and extra exercise results. more active - more energy expending : but Basal Met. Stays the see Careau V, et al; IAEA DLW database group. Energy compensation and adiposity in humans. Curr Biol. Gonzalez JT, et al. Perspective: Is the Response of Human Energy Expenditure to Increased 2021 Oct 25;31(20):4659-4666.e2 Physical Activity Additive or Constrained? Adv Nutr. 2023 May;14(3):406-419.  DIRECT CALORIMETRY DISADVANTAGES: Cannot follow rapid changes in energy expenditure. Equipment (TM) also generate heat. Not all heat is liberated (some is stored). Perspiration affects the measurements. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. 6th Edition. Kenney, Wilmore & Costill. pp 121. INDIRECT CALORIMETRY Based on the oxidative metabolism of glucose and fat (substrates for aerobic exercise). Fat RER 0.70 = 4.7 kcal/min; CHO RER 1.0 = 5.05 kcal/min By calculating the ratio of volume of O2 consumed to CO2 produced, the exact calorie value for VO2 can be determined. Recall, RQ or RER = 2.9/3.4 = 0.85 kcals/liter O2 (from table based on RER) = 4.862 kcal/LO2  INDIRECT CALORIMETRY ↓ shows inconsistent finding/ ↑ Van Hooren B, Souren T, Bongers BC. Accuracy of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use from 15 CPET systems during simulated and human exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023 Sep 11  DOUBLY LABELED WATER An oral dose of stable isotopes of 2H and 18O is taken. The disappearance rates of the two isotopes measure the turnover of water and the turnover of water plus CO2. Because CO2 production and O2 consumption are related, O2 consumption becomes known once CO2 is determined. Once CO2 and O2 consumption are known, EE can be calculated. The DLW method is a clinical method for determining EE over prolonged period of time (days/weeks). Image: https://serconlimited.com/sercon_systems/water/  PREDICTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE - RMR widee used most EXAMPLE: Male; 35 yrs; 70 kg; 172 cm. NSCA’s Guide to Tests and Assessments. Table 4.1, pg  & study to validate equations understimated sample equations ball RMR most accurate doesn't # ↓ are Prado-Nóvoa, Olalla, et al. "Validation of predictive equations to estimate resting metabolic rate of females and males across different activity levels." American Journal of Human Biology (2023): e24005.0 Anatural other rhyoyo  PREDICTING EE – RMR AN INCOMPLETE PICTURE FACTORIAL METHOD - Occupational For example, if a male office worker has a RMR = 1680 kcal, the additional caloric need as a consequence of the nature of his work is approximately 40% above resting, or 672 kcal. Total caloric need now becomes 2352 kcal. Resting approa So-75% TEE braive depends on sto occupation Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription, 8E. By Gibson, Ann L., Wagner, Dale, Heyward, Vivian. Table 9.3, pg 75.  PREDICTING EE – RMR AN INCOMPLETE PICTURE FACTORIAL METHOD – Physical Activity and Exercise After determining RMR and occupational energy expenditure, additional caloric expenditure from PA/EX can be determined from a physical activity log. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values Ainsworth, Barbara et al. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: August 2011 43(8); 1575-1581 https://sites.google.com/site/compendiumofphysicalactivities/home it for s how much Now buy you weigh do you - Recall, 1 MET = 1 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 - Yields the total kcal that are expended per 1 hr of that activity. - Determine the kcal·min-1 by dividing by 60, then multiply by the duration of activity (ie. 45 min). TEE = RMR + Occupational + Physical Activity/Exercise Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription, 8E. By Gibson, Ann L., Wagner, Dale, Heyward, Vivian.  FACTORS INFLUENCING REE ha bod. D Herman Pontzer et al. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course.Science373,808-812(2021).DOI:10.1126/science.abe5017 COMPARISON OF METHODS NSCA’s Guide to Tests and Assessments. Table 4.3, pg 85.  SUMMARY RER is a ratio of carbon dioxide production to oxygen consumption RER = CO2 production/O2 consumption. Gas exchange during glucose oxidation CO2 molecules equal O2 molecules consumed; therefore, the RQ for carbohydrate equals 1.00. - Generally, a value of 0.70 represents the RQ for fat. - The general value 0.82 characterizes the RQ for protein. The measurement of RMR is valuable in clinical practice. The clinical application usually lies on two extremes of a spectrum.  D CASE STUDY – predicting energy expenditure Noah is a 21-year-old ‘active student’. Determine Noah’s TEE if he is 78 kg; his RMR is 2150 kcal; and he performed 40-minutes of resistance training (6 METS from the compendium): Recall, 1 MET = 1 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 THE RMR + + givensi Occupation PA RMR = 2150 Keal/day + 175 = 2158 BW = 781g ↑ 32 Activity : uomin resistance training &0 mots MET time D Energy Expenditio XBW X - ↳ PA = o x 78x(" % min) 5 6x78 + 0. 6667 = 312kca) ② from chart but still doesn't work 2637 TEE use , Answer : 36 Mets of strength NEXT CLASS… Now that we have reviewed energy expenditure, what is next? - Topic: Musculoskeletal Fitness Assessment - Chapter: 7-8; Appendix C - See also: - CourseLink