Kidney Transplantation Types and Indications

Kidney Transplantation

Types of Kidney Transplants

• Deceased Donor Transplant: Kidney from a deceased donor
• Living Donor Transplant: Kidney from a living donor (related or unrelated)
• Paired Donor Exchange: Swap kidneys between two pairs of donors and recipients

Indications for Kidney Transplantation

• End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Patients requiring dialysis or with significant kidney impairment
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Patients with significant kidney impairment, but not yet on dialysis

Contraindications for Kidney Transplantation

• Active Infection: Patients with active infections, such as sepsis or tuberculosis
• Malignancy: Patients with active cancer
• Untreated Psychosis: Patients with untreated psychosis or significant mental health issues
• Advanced Cardiovascular Disease: Patients with significant cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors

Pre-Transplant Evaluation

• Medical Evaluation: Assessment of overall health, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and infectious disease status
• Surgical Evaluation: Assessment of surgical risk, including anesthesia evaluation
• Psychosocial Evaluation: Assessment of patient's mental health, social support, and ability to adhere to post-transplant regimen

Post-Transplant Care

• Immunosuppression: Medications to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney
• Regular Follow-up: Regular monitoring of kidney function, blood pressure, and overall health
• Infection Prophylaxis: Medications to prevent infections, such as pneumocystis pneumonia

Complications of Kidney Transplantation

• Acute Rejection: Early rejection of the transplanted kidney, often within the first few months
• Chronic Rejection: Late rejection of the transplanted kidney, often years after transplantation
• Infections: Increased risk of infections, such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia
• Malignancy: Increased risk of certain cancers, such as skin cancer or lymphoma

Kidney Transplantation

Types of Kidney Transplants

• Deceased donor transplant involves receiving a kidney from a deceased donor.
• Living donor transplant involves receiving a kidney from a living donor, who can be related or unrelated.
• Paired donor exchange involves swapping kidneys between two pairs of donors and recipients.

Indications for Kidney Transplantation

• End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requires dialysis or significant kidney impairment.
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) involves significant kidney impairment, but not yet requiring dialysis.

Contraindications for Kidney Transplantation

• Active infection is a contraindication, including sepsis or tuberculosis.
• Malignancy, including active cancer, is a contraindication.
• Untreated psychosis or significant mental health issues are contraindications.
• Advanced Cardiovascular Disease, including significant cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors, is a contraindication.

Pre-Transplant Evaluation

• Medical evaluation assesses overall health, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and infectious disease status.
• Surgical evaluation assesses surgical risk, including anesthesia evaluation.
• Psychosocial evaluation assesses patient's mental health, social support, and ability to adhere to post-transplant regimen.

Post-Transplant Care

• Immunosuppression involves medications to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney.
• Regular follow-up involves monitoring kidney function, blood pressure, and overall health.
• Infection prophylaxis involves medications to prevent infections, such as pneumocystis pneumonia.

Complications of Kidney Transplantation

• Acute rejection occurs early, often within the first few months.
• Chronic rejection occurs late, often years after transplantation.
• Infections, such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia, are a complication.
• Malignancy, including an increased risk of certain cancers, such as skin cancer or lymphoma, is a complication.