Key Features of Indian Constitution Quiz

Indian Constitution - An Overview of Key Features

The Indian Constitution is a complex document that forms the foundation of India's legal system. It was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. This constitution is unique because it reflects the country's diverse cultural heritage while also providing a framework for democracy and civil liberties. Here we will discuss some key features such as the Basic Structure Doctrine, Amendment Process, Directive Principles of State Policy, Preamble, and Fundamental Rights.

Basic Structure Doctrine

One notable feature of the Indian Constitution is its Basic Structure Doctrine, which states that certain parts of the Constitution cannot be altered by any ordinary constitutional means such as the Parliament passing laws or even a Constituent Assembly enacting new provisions. These aspects include essential elements like secularism, federalism, republican form of government with democratic process, independence of judiciary from executive, and the rule of law. This principle ensures that core values of democracy and justice remain intact despite changes to other parts of the constitution.

Amendment Process

Amending the Indian Constitution requires a special procedure due to its rigidity. According to Article 368, any bill seeking to amend the Constitution must receive more than half votes in both houses of parliament and two third majority approval in Rajya Sabha before becoming law. This process is designed to prevent rapid shifts away from what has been established through the years of debate and discussion among members of the constituent assembly.

Directive Principles of State Policy

Part IV of the Indian Constitution contains Directive Principles of State Policy, which guide the states in framing their policies for securing social economic welfare of people. They are guiding principles rather than enforceable obligations; however, they have significant influence over legislations passed within the country. DPSPs focus primarily on ensuring equality, liberty, dignity, and security of individuals, improving living standards, eliminating exploitation, protecting natural resources, preserving national culture, and promoting unity among citizens.

Preamble

The preamble sets out the ideals that inspired the framers of the constitution and affirms the commitment of the nation to these ideals. It declares that India shall be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and guarantees justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity to all its citizens irrespective of race, religion, caste, sex, place, or birth. The preamble establishes the spirit behind the entire constitution and serves as a reminder of why the document exists.

Fundamental Rights

Fundamental rights are another important part of the Indian Constitution. These rights protect every citizen from abuse of power by the State or others, including freedom of speech and expression, right to life, protection against arbitrary arrest, equal opportunities, etc.. Many of them derive from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, reflecting the international aspirations of the founding fathers. They offer safeguards to ensure individual freedoms, maintaining checks on authority and limiting violation of human dignity.

In summary, the Indian Constitution includes several distinctive features such as the Basic Structure Doctrine, amendment process, Directive Principles of State Policy, preamble, and fundamental rights. Each aspect works together to create a robust yet flexible legal system that promotes equity, fairness, and respect for human dignity.