Key Events in European History

The Fall of Constantinople.

The discovery of America and the fall of Grenada.

<p>The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Thirty Years' War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Constitution of May 3rd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reshaped European borders and inspired Polish independence movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the medieval period, signifying the decline of Christian Byzantine dominance and the rise of the Ottoman Empire, which shifted the balance of power in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gutenberg’s Printing Press revolutionized knowledge dissemination by enabling mass production of books, making literature and information accessible to a broader audience, thereby fostering literacy and the spread of new ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The discovery of America opened new trade routes and opportunities for colonization, while the fall of Grenada marked the completion of the Reconquista, both embodying the transition to a more globalized and modern world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) dismantled Poland's sovereignty, leading to national disintegration and a prolonged struggle for identity and independence among its citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Declaration of Independence articulated principles of individual rights and government accountability, inspiring revolutions and democratic movements globally, particularly in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The French Revolution dismantled the monarchy and advanced republican ideals, spreading revolutionary fervor and ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity across Europe, leading to a wave of uprisings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Congress of Vienna established a conservative political order aimed at preventing revolutions, balancing power among European nations, and restoring monarchies, yet it ultimately sowed the seeds for future conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. It marked the end of the medieval period and the beginning of Early Modern European history.

The Gutenberg Press, invented in 1455, revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and helped spread literacy across Europe.

The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492. It also marks the fall of the Kingdom of Granada, a Muslim kingdom in Spain, which marked the completion of the Reconquista. This event connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, marking a significant turning point in history.

A union formed in 1569 that combined the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, creating a powerful and diverse empire in Eastern Europe.

A brutal and destructive war (1618-1648) that ravaged Europe, largely over religious and political differences, resulting in the Peace of Westphalia, a treaty that reshaped Europe's political order.

A Swedish invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1655 to 1660 that nearly destroyed the Commonwealth, often referred to as the "Swedish Deluge" in Polish history.

A crucial battle in 1683 where Polish King Jan III Sobieski defeated the Ottoman Empire's siege of Vienna, effectively stopping their advance into Europe.

A significant event in 1776 where American colonists declared their independence from British rule, marking the beginning of the United States as a nation.

A major event in 1789-1799, marking the overthrow of the French monarchy and establishment of a republic, driven by ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

A series of three agreements between Prussia, Austria, and Russia that resulted in the dismantling of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. These partitions took place between 1772, 1793, and 1795, effectively ending the existence of an independent Poland for over a century.

A series of wars led by Napoleon Bonaparte from 1804 to 1815 that reshaped the political map of Europe, sparking Polish aspirations for independence.

A gathering of European powers in Vienna in 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars. Aiming to establish a conservative order in Europe, the Congress sought to restore the balance of power and suppress liberal and nationalistic ideas.

A wave of revolutions that swept across Europe in 1848, fueled by liberal and nationalist movements seeking greater political freedom and national unification. Despite some initial success, most revolutions were ultimately suppressed by existing powers.

Adopted in 1791, this document was an attempt to reform the Commonwealth and establish a more modern and democratic government. However, due to external pressures and internal conflicts, it was ultimately unable to achieve its goals.