Questions and Answers
What type of allergic reaction is characterized by anaphylaxis?
Which medication is primarily used for the prevention of gout?
Which symptom is specifically associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Which of the following is a common treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
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What is a recommended management strategy for fibromyalgia?
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What CD4 count is indicative of AIDS?
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What is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS?
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What treatment is recommended for oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients?
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Which of the following is NOT a key monitoring aspect in HIV/AIDS management?
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What is a common complication of chemotherapy in patients with HIV/AIDS?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with HIV encephalopathy?
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Which infection requires contact isolation due to its common presence in the GI tract?
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What lifestyle modification is recommended to manage Wasting Syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients?
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Study Notes
Key Considerations in HIV/AIDS Management
- CBC Monitoring: Regular checks for anemia signify potential bone marrow suppression.
- Lipid and Liver Function: Monitor liver function tests (LFTs) to detect hepatotoxicity and assess cardiovascular risks from elevated serum lipid levels.
- ART Therapy Compliance: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is crucial to prevent HIV mutation and treatment failure.
AIDS Defining Illnesses
- Definition: AIDS is diagnosed when CD4 count falls below 200 or an AIDS-defining illness is present.
Pulmonary System
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Opportunistic Infections: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is the most prevalent.
- Symptoms: Include fever, shortness of breath, cough, and chest discomfort. Untreated PCP may result in respiratory failure.
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Tuberculosis (TB): Higher risk in communal living situations.
- Symptoms: Include persistent coughing, night sweats, and hemoptysis (bloody sputum).
Gastrointestinal System
- Candidiasis: Common in oral, esophageal, and gastric regions, interfering with eating and swallowing. Treated with antifungal medications, often through a “swish and swallow” method.
- Cryptosporidium: This parasite can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in HIV/AIDS patients.
- Wasting Syndrome: Characterized by involuntary weight loss, diarrhea, or weakness lasting over 30 days; management focuses on hydration and dietary adjustments (increased fiber and solid foods) along with careful monitoring.
Oncological Concerns
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Causes skin lesions, increasing infection risk; skin protection is vital.
- Lymphomas: Chemotherapy is a treatment option, but complicates management due to the patient’s immunocompromised state.
Neurological Concerns
- Depression: A common occurrence in HIV/AIDS patients, necessitating psychosocial support.
- HIV Encephalopathy: Involves neuronal destruction leading to cognitive decline.
- Cryptococcus: A challenging fungal infection resembling meningitis, requiring extensive intravenous treatment.
Nursing Care Plan for HIV/AIDS
- Daily Monitoring: Weight, nutritional intake and output, and vital signs should be assessed regularly.
- Physical Assessment: Ongoing checks for opportunistic infections and other related symptoms.
- Education: Provide instruction on safety measures and infection prevention.
- Transmission Prevention: Educate patients on strategies to avoid spreading the virus.
Infectious Disease Process
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Common Resistant Infections:
- MRSA: Requires specific isolation due to methicillin resistance.
- VRE: Present in the GI tract, managed through contact isolation.
- CLABSI: Central line-associated bloodstream infections; sterile dressing changes are essential.
- CAUTI: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections; minimize the use of catheters while ensuring cleanliness.
- VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; require diligent oral care and precautions.
Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders
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Allergic Reactions: Various types including:
- Type 1 (e.g., bee stings, latex, medications)
- Type 2 (e.g., blood transfusion reactions)
- Type 3 (e.g., autoimmune disorders)
- Type 4 (delayed reactions)
- Anaphylaxis: A life-threatening allergic response treated immediately with epinephrine.
Rheumatic Disorders
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition resulting in joint destruction. Treatment options include NSAIDs, DMARDs, and corticosteroids. Emphasizing physical activity and assistive device use is crucial for patient management.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Symptoms: Include fatigue, joint swelling, and a characteristic butterfly rash. Management focuses on symptom control using DMARDs and corticosteroids.
Gout
- Cause: Results from hyperuricemia due to purine metabolism.
- Treatment: Allopurinol is used for preventive care while NSAIDs are deployed for acute attacks.
Fibromyalgia
- Symptoms: Manifest as widespread pain and fatigue. Management strategies include promoting rest, low-impact exercise, and good sleep hygiene practices.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of managing HIV/AIDS, including monitoring CBC, liver functions, and adherence to ART therapy. It discusses the significance of CD4 counts and the implications of AIDS-defining illnesses. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in HIV/AIDS care.
