Questions and Answers
What is yellow marrow primarily composed of?
What is the tough outer covering of a bone called?
Periosteum
What is the shaft of the long bone called?
Diaphysis
What are the expanded ends of a long bone called?
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Bones of the forearm are classified as _____ bones.
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What type of cartilage covers the ends of a typical long bone?
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What is a bone that will not fit into any other category called?
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What is the band of cartilage present in bones that have not fully ossified called?
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Most carpal and tarsal bones are classified as ____ bones.
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What is the hollow cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone called?
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The cranial bones are classified as ____ bones.
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Bones found within tendons are classified as ____ bones.
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What is found in the center of the osteon, containing vessels and nerves?
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What are the branching structures found in spongy bone called?
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What includes the central canal, lamellae, and osteocytes?
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What is the opening in the matrix that contains osteocytes called?
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What are the concentric rings around the central canal called?
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What bone cell is responsible for the deposition of bone matrix?
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What are the tiny channels that connect lacunae called?
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What bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
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What is a mature bone cell located within a lacuna called?
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What are the passageways connecting two central canals called?
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What inorganic component of bone contributes to bone density?
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What provides bone with its flexibility?
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What is the most abundant mineral deposited into bone to provide bone density?
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What fills the medullary cavity of the tibia of a three-year-old?
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Study Notes
Key Components of the Skeletal System
- Yellow Marrow: Primarily a fat storage area found in the medullary cavity of long bones.
- Periosteum: A tough outer covering of bone that provides nourishment and attachment for tendons and ligaments.
- Diaphysis: The shaft or long central part of a long bone, where yellow marrow is typically located.
- Epiphysis: The enlarged ends of a long bone, which articulate with adjacent bones and contain red marrow.
Bone Classification
- Long Bones: Bones of the forearm and leg, characterized by a greater length than width.
- Short Bones: Typically carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones, cube-shaped and provide stability and support.
- Flat Bones: Cranial bones, which are thin, flattened, and typically associated with protection.
- Irregular Bones: Bones that do not fit into any other classification, such as vertebrae.
- Sesamoid Bones: Bones embedded within tendons, such as the patella (knee cap).
Bone Structure and Functions
- Articular Cartilage: Smooth cartilage that covers the ends of long bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
- Medullary Cavity: The hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones, housing yellow marrow in adults.
- Osteon: The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae; houses vessels and nerves.
- Central Canal: Located at the center of an osteon; contains blood vessels and nerves to supply the bone.
- Lacuna: Small openings in the bone matrix where osteocytes reside.
- Canaliculi: Tiny channels connecting lacunae, allowing for communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.
Bone Cells
- Osteoblasts: Cells responsible for the formation and deposition of bone matrix, playing a crucial role in bone growth.
- Osteocytes: Mature bone cells located within lacunae, maintaining bone tissue.
- Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone matrix, involved in bone resorption and remodeling.
Bone Matrix Composition
- Lamellae: Concentric rings of mineralized matrix surrounding the central canal in an osteon.
- Collagen: A protein that provides flexibility and tensile strength to bone.
- Calcium: The most abundant mineral in bone, essential for providing strength and density.
- Phosphorus: An inorganic component that contributes to bone density alongside calcium.
Additional Structures
- Trabeculae: Branching structures found in spongy bone, providing support and strength without adding excessive weight.
- Perforating Canals: Channels that connect two central canals, facilitating the flow of blood vessels throughout the bone.
- Epiphysial Plate: A band of cartilage in growing bones, allowing for lengthwise growth until ossification occurs.
- Red Bone Marrow: Fills the medullary cavity of bones in children, such as the tibia of a three-year-old, responsible for blood cell production.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential components and classifications of the skeletal system. Learn about yellow marrow, periosteum, bone types, and their functions within the human body. Test your knowledge with questions that cover both the structure and classification of bones.
