Kazakhstan History and Archaeology

Mesolithic Settlements in Kazakhstan

• More than 40 known Mesolithic settlements are found on the territory of Kazakhstan.

First True Nomadic Pastoralists

• The first true nomadic pastoralists were the Oghuz, Uysun, Huns, Sak, and Sak-Sarmatians.

Saks in Persian Sources

• Saks in Persian sources were called "men in leather armor", "mighty men", "kumani", "tours with fast horses", and "asiatic Scythians".

Paleolithic Tools

• Paleolithic tools were found in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan.

Ancient Holidays

• Nauryz is an ancient holiday that has come down to our time, celebrated by moving to pasture.

Campaign of the Persian Empire

• The Persian Empire of the Achaemenids campaigned in Central Asia in the VI century BC.

Formation of Military Democracy

• Military democracy was formed during the Iron Age.

Territory of Saks-Paradaraiya

• Saks-Paradaraiya settled around the Aral Sea.

Female Deity in Turkic Triad

• Umai is the female deity, patroness of the hearth and children, from the triad of the highest deities of the Turks.

Neolithic Revolution

• The Neolithic Revolution is the transition from an appropriating economy to a producing economy.

Sak Mound

• The Chilikty mound is a Sak mound discovered by S.S. Chernikov in Kazakhstan.

Campaign against Saks

• Alexander the Great organized a campaign against the Saks but suffered a heavy defeat.

Tax Collectors in the Golden Horde

• Baskak were the tax collectors in the Golden Horde.

Independence of the Golden Horde

• The Golden Horde became independent from the Mongol Empire under Khan Berke.

Campaigns of Amir-Temir

• As a result of the campaigns of Amir-Temir, the Golden Horde was robbed.

Power of the Golden Horde

• The Golden Horde reached its greatest power under Khan Uzbek.

Capital of Ak-Orda

• The capital of Ak-Orda was Sygnak.

Territory of South-East Kazakhstan

• In the middle of the XII century - the beginning of the XVI century, the territory of South-East Kazakhstan was part of Moghulistan.

Ulus Jochi

• Ulus Jochi occupied the territory west of the Irtysh.

Ogedei Ulus

• Ogedei Ulus occupied the regions of the Upper Irtysh and Tarbagatai.

Moghulistan Dynasty

• The founder of the Moghulistan dynasty was Togluk-Timur.

Forms of Conditional Land Tenure

• Soyurgal and inju were forms of conditional land tenure of the nobility in Moghulistan.

First Ruler of Moghulistan

• The first ruler of Moghulistan was Togluk-Timur.

Acceptance of Islam

• In the tenth century, Islam was accepted by the Karakhanid state.

Huns' Troops

• The basis of the Huns' troops was cavalry.

Chinese Emperor

• Emperor Wu of Han sent an ambassador to the West in 138 BC.

The Great Silk Road

• The scientist who proposed the name of the Great Silk Road in the 19th century was Richthofen.

Middle Paleolithic Era

• The Middle Paleolithic era includes the period of 140-40 millennium B.C.

Archaeological Periodization

• The author of the archaeological periodization of prehistory is H. Thomsen.

General Periodization of Prehistory

• The author of the general (historical) periodization of prehistory is L. Morgan.

Chronology of the Early Iron Age

• The Chronology of the Early Iron Age is VIII-III centuries B.C.

Western Turkic Khans

• The Western Turkic khans and their retinue began to wear silk clothes in the 6th century.

Old Turkic Writing

• Old Turkic writing was called runic.

Supreme Ruler of the Saks

• The title of the supreme ruler of the Saks was "king".

Coins on the Great Silk Road

• Coins made in Turkestan, Asia Minor, Europe, and on the Volga were found in Otrar.

City on the White River

• Ispidjab is a city on the White River mentioned in Chinese sources in the 7th century.

Housing of the Andronovo Tribes

• The housing of the Andronovo tribes in the XVIII-VIII century B.C. was a dugout.

Quiz about ancient settlements, nomadic pastoralists, and historical sources in Kazakhstan.