KAVACH Telecommunication Techniques
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Loco KAVACH unit in the communication process?

  • To initiate communication delays for safety
  • To receive packets from the Stationary KAVACH unit (correct)
  • To transmit emergency signals only
  • To establish direct links between stations

    • How many time slots are allocated for communication between Stationary KAVACH and Loco KAVACH?

  • 30
  • 50 (correct)
  • 100
  • 78

    • What determines the number of time slots allocated to a station within the KAVACH system?

  • The size of the station (correct)
  • The health of the KAVACH units
  • The distance from the next station
  • The age of the communication system

    • What type of structure are the RF Communication towers primarily built as?

    <p>Lattice structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what height are the radios installed in the Radio Tower Unit?

    <p>10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of each time slot marker in the KAVACH communication system?

    <p>352 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many basic time slot position markers are there in the frame cycle?

    <p>78</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the radios to the Station KAVACH?

    <p>Fiber optic cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the NMS regarding train movement display?

    <p>Provides a real-time display of train movement on monitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when both RFID tags of a set are missing according to the NMS?

    <p>An SMS Alert is generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is used for time synchronization in the KAVACH system?

    <p>GPS/GNSS Clock for RTC correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alerts is NOT generated by the NMS?

    <p>SMS Alert for speed limit violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the NMS support data collection?

    <p>It allows offline data log extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a communication failure, what is a consequence within the KAVACH system?

    <p>Errors in system synchronization may occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reports can the NMS generate?

    <p>Exception Reports - Unit-wise and Set-wise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of GPS antenna installation in stationary KAVACH units?

    <p>To ensure high availability for time synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Loco KAVACH unit do if both RFID readers fail?

    <p>Stop radio communication and switch to System Failure mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the Loco KAVACH unit take if one RFID reader fails?

    <p>Log the event and notify NMS through GSM/LTE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Loco KAVACH unit respond if both GPS/GNSS and Real Time Clock (RTC) fail?

    <p>Stop radio communication and switch to System Failure mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Loco KAVACH unit do if there is an incremental time difference greater than the frame interval between CPU time and GPS time?

    <p>Change the time reference to another GPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fallback time duration for the Loco KAVACH unit to use CPU time when both GPS systems fail?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a communication failure with the Active Cab/Desk DMI?

    <p>The system switches to System Failure mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If only one radio fails and another is operational, what should the Loco KAVACH unit do?

    <p>Log the fault and continue operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Loco KAVACH unit prefer to avoid common cause failures in GPS systems?

    <p>Choose diverse makes of GPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates dynamic IP addresses for the Onboard KAVACH (OVK)?

    <p>EPC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the redundant architecture in the OFC network?

    <p>To ensure consistent and reliable communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for handling both IPV4 and IPV6 addresses?

    <p>KAVACH Application Server (KAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Onboard KAVACH (OVK) communicate when entering KAVACH territory?

    <p>Loco ID and approaching SVK ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the Loco Exchange Server (LES) use to populate its lookup table?

    <p>Loco IDs and their IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication is established between SVK and OVK after an access request is received?

    <p>Continuous communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far does the geographical region cover for locos managed by Loco Exchange Server?

    <p>5000 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the OVK receives the IP address from KAS for a stationary KAVACH?

    <p>It requests access from the SVK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encryption method is utilized between Loco KAVACH and Stationary KAVACH?

    <p>AES 128 encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size of communication packets between Station KAVACH and Loco KAVACH?

    <p>Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication media is used between Station KAVACH and SM OCIP?

    <p>Twisted pair cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cable size is employed for data transmission by the RFID reader and Tachometer?

    <p>0.5 mm shielded twisted pair cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How will loco-to-loco communication be held?

    <p>In f0 441.8 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used for radio connectivity at HFZ station and LPI?

    <p>Self-supported lattice tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What height are radio modems typically placed at?

    <p>10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequencies are utilized in Kavach UHF communication between station and loco?

    <p>456.8 MHz, 416.8 MHz, 466.8 MHz, 426.8 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Stationary KAVACH unit at level crossing gates and IBS locations?

    <p>To calculate movement authority based on signal status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Stationary KAVACH unit determine the movement authority?

    <p>Using a combination of signal aspect, track circuit, and route locking status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the Stationary KAVACH unit detects a Red (Danger) signal?

    <p>Movement authority is reduced to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does the Stationary KAVACH communicate with to transmit movement authority?

    <p>UHF Radio communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the Loco KAVACH unit do when it receives a signal to decrease its movement authority?

    <p>Automatically apply brakes if the pilot fails to react</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the length of movement authority determined based on the signal aspect?

    <p>To prevent potential hazards by determining safe distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key role of the Loco KAVACH unit's Driver Machine Interface (DMI)?

    <p>To show train speed, permitted speed, and target distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of conflicting signals or track information, what does the Stationary KAVACH unit do?

    <p>Transmits the most restrictive signal aspect and adjusts authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    KAVACH Telecommunication Techniques

    • KAVACH is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed by Indian Railways.
    • Its purpose is to prevent train collisions caused by human error or equipment failure.
    • KAVACH uses telecommunication techniques for communication between stationary and locomotive units.

    Different Telecommunication Techniques

    • Radio Communication: Used for communication between stationary and locomotive KAVACH units. It employs UHF radio communications, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA).
    • GSM/GPRS Communication: Used for key management between KAVACH units and a Key Management System (KMS) server.
    • GPS/GNSS Communication: Used for time synchronization amongst various KAVACH units. GPS/GNSS enables the synchronization of Real Time Clocks (RTCs) in KAVACH units to maintain the correct time references for operations.

    System Architecture

    • Trackside Sub-system: Consists of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags installed on train tracks, which transmit and receive data to the locomotive.
    • Station Sub-system: Contains a Stationary KAVACH vital computer, a radio unit, and a Station Master Operation cum Indication Panel (SMOCIP) for station communication.
    • Loco Sub-system: Includes a Loco KAVACH vital computer, RFID reader, radio unit, Driver Machine Interface(DMI), and Brake Interface Unit (BIU) to control the locomotive's brakes.

    KAVACH Safety Features

    • Detection and Prevention of Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD): KAVACH prevents trains from passing signals at danger.
    • Speed Restrictions: KAVACH enforces adherence to permanent and temporary speed restrictions.
    • Automatic Crossing Gate Blowing: Automatic horn blowing at level crossings.
    • Collision Prevention: Protects against head-on, rear-end, and side-on collisions.
    • SOS Messages: Provides emergency communication through SMS and alerts during emergencies.
    • Centralized Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of train movements is facilitated through a Network Monitoring System (NMS).

    KAVACH Failures & Protection

    • Radio Communication Failures: A timeout of 30 seconds or 10 seconds (configurable) triggers a transition to Limited Supervision Mode for communication disruption.
    • RFID Reader Failures: Loco KAVACH switches to System Failure mode to prevent communication during failures.
    • GPS/GNSS Failures: The system falls back to CPU-timing for 30mins if GPS fails.
    • Driver Machine Interface (DMI) Failures: The system transitions to System Failure mode during DMI failure.
    • Signal Aspect Failures: The system will use the most restrictive signal aspect to prevent collisions in case of conflicting signal aspects.

    KAVACH Radio Communication Protocol

    • Multiple Access Schemes: Used for optimized frequency/radio usage. Transmission protocols are optimized.
    • Frequency Range: 406 MHz to 470 MHz
    • Frame Cycle: 2000 milliseconds for optimization.
    • Radio Communication Terminations: KAVACH will stop communication when the loco passes beyond the last signal or the direction is invalid.

    KAVACH - GSM/GPRS & GPS/GNSS Communication

    • Communication faults are logged by both stationary and loco units and transmitted to the NMS.
    • Authentication keys for radio communications are shared via GSM/GPRS to prevent unauthorized communication and ensure security.
    • This system uses a Key Management System (KMS) to manage keys.
    • GPS/GNSS coordinates with real time clocks (RTC) in KAVACH units for time synchronization.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Handbook on Different Types of Telecom Techniques Used in KAVACH PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the KAVACH Automatic Train Protection system developed by Indian Railways. This quiz covers various telecommunication techniques such as radio communication, GSM/GPRS, and GPS/GNSS used in the KAVACH system. Explore how these technologies work together to enhance train safety and prevent collisions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser