Kaduceus 106 Test Review Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is acidosis?

  • A condition affecting only the lungs
  • A condition related to high blood pressure
  • A condition with too few free hydrogen ions in the blood
  • A condition with too many free hydrogen ions in the blood (correct)

    • Dialysis is used to aid ____________ by the kidneys.

    filtration

    Which part of the renal and urologic system carries waste from the kidneys to the bladder?

    ureters

    Which of the following is not a proper treatment for UTIs?

    <p>Zyloprim for gonorrheal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nocturia?

    <p>nighttime urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible side effect of all diuretics?

    <p>hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a loop diuretic?

    <p>Spironolactone (Aldactone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an unusual side effect of phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?

    <p>orange or reddish urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can urinary urge incontinence be caused or exacerbated by?

    <p>infection or irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cations include ______________, and anions include ______________.

    <p>positively charged ions; negatively charged ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is urolithiasis?

    <p>kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperphosphatemia, a major issue with renal failure, can be treated with:

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stage ____ is considered end stage renal disease.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic?

    <p>microzide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to erectile dysfunction (ED)?

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by?

    <p>lack of blood flow to the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oral contraceptives have a high incidence of side effects including:

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cigarette smokers who take oral contraceptives have an increased risk of:

    <p>serious cardiovascular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is clomid used for?

    <p>infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is available as an intracavernous injection for ED?

    <p>alprostadil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major drug interaction between phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil (Viagra) and nitrates?

    <p>severe hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alpha-blocker targets prostate tissue and is not used for hypertension?

    <p>flomax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To purchase Plan B without a prescription, a person must be at least ____ years of age.

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements are true concerning sperm production?

    <p>Sperm production begins before the age of puberty and decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone causes weight gain, cramping, swelling, acne, and anxiety in women during the last 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    5-Alpha reductase inhibitors are used in the treatment of:

    <p>BPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Female hormones can be used:

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estrogen is taken by women to:

    <p>All of the answers are reasons women take estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generic name for Cialis?

    <p>tadalafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propylthiouracil is used to:

    <p>decrease thyroid production in Graves disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication for rheumatoid arthritis can be orally administered?

    <p>methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are DMARDs?

    <p>Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Zostavax indicated for?

    <p>shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccines are available for:

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper storage of vaccines and antitoxins/antivenins?

    <p>usually stored refrigerated 2 to 8 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a vaccine requiring storage between 2° and 8° C is frozen?

    <p>the vaccine may be ineffective and should not be administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States is which one of the following autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation can:

    <p>All of the answers are characteristics of chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the vaccination Gardasil?

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attenuated mean in reference to vaccines?

    <p>weakened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Belimumab (Benlysta) for SLE is available?

    <p>intravenously (IV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agents contain antibodies that can neutralize dangerous toxins?

    <p>antitoxins and antivenins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) for RA can be orally administered:

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classifications of medications are available in ophthalmic formulations for allergic conjunctivitis?

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the similarities among Zantac, Prilosec, and Prevacid?

    <p>being available in OTC and prescription formulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is the primary ophthalmic antifungal agent?

    <p>natamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medications for earwax removal include:

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is a prescription indicated for the treatment of severe dry eyes?

    <p>cyclosporine (Restasis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the pharmacy would latanoprost (Xalatan) be found?

    <p>in the refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can permanently change the color of the eye, thicken and darken the lashes, and darken the eyelids?

    <p>Xalatan and Lumigan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is GERD?

    <p>gastroesophageal reflux disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ketoprofen and flurbiprofen are ophthalmic:

    <p>nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ear is responsible for:

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which categories of medications are used to treat glaucoma?

    <p>All of the answers are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of health care provider cannot prescribe any type of medication?

    <p>optician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are general considerations regarding ophthalmic antibiotics?

    <p>maintaining sterility and not using them with contacts in the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tinnitus?

    <p>ringing or buzzing in the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the otic analgesic solution Auralgan?

    <p>antipyrine/benzocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acidosis and Renal System

    • Acidosis is characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions (H+) in the blood.
    • Dialysis aids in filtration functions of the kidneys.
    • Ureters transport waste from kidneys to the bladder.
    • No proper treatment for UTIs includes Zyloprim, intended for gonorrheal infections.

    Urinary Function and Diuretics

    • Nocturia refers to the need to urinate at night.
    • All diuretics can cause a side effect of hypotension.
    • Spironolactone is not classified as a loop diuretic.
    • Phenazopyridine may result in orange or reddish urine.
    • Urinary urge incontinence can be worsened by infection or irritation.

    Electrolytes and Renal Health

    • Cations include sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), while anions include chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-).
    • Urolithiasis is the medical term for kidney stones.
    • Hyperphosphatemia, prevalent in renal failure, can be managed by various treatments.
    • Stage 5 signifies end-stage renal disease.

    Male and Female Reproductive Health

    • Microzide is a common thiazide diuretic.
    • Erectile dysfunction (ED) results from insufficient blood flow to the penis.
    • Oral contraceptives are associated with a range of side effects.
    • Smokers using oral contraceptives face heightened risks of cardiovascular events.
    • Clomid is utilized for infertility assistance.

    Medications and Interactions

    • Alprostadil is available as an intracavernous injection and urethral suppository for ED.
    • Sildenafil (Viagra) and nitrates interact dangerously, causing severe hypotension.
    • Flomax, targeting prostate tissue, is an alpha-blocker not used for hypertension.
    • Plan B requires individuals to be at least 17 years old for over-the-counter purchase.

    Hormonal and Autoimmune Disorders

    • Sperm production begins pre-puberty and declines with age.
    • Progesterone can cause weight gain, cramping, and mood changes in women before menstruation.
    • 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
    • Female hormones serve various therapeutic purposes.

    Vaccines and Immune Response

    • Tadalafil is the generic name for Cialis.
    • Propylthiouracil reduces thyroid production in Graves disease.
    • DMARDs refer to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
    • Vaccines can prevent bacterial and viral diseases, with proper storage protocols of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius.
    • Freezing a vaccine meant for refrigeration may render it ineffective.

    Eye Health and Anti-inflammatory Agents

    • Hashimoto thyroiditis is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the U.S.
    • Gardasil is designed to prevent HPV in males and females aged 9 to 26.
    • Attenuated vaccines are weakened forms of the pathogen.
    • Belimumab (Benlysta) for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is administered intravenously.

    Audiology and Ophthalmology

    • Antitoxins and antivenins contain neutralizing antibodies against toxins.
    • Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis is given as a single weekly dose.
    • Ophthalmic antifungal agent natamycin is vital for treating eye infections.
    • Medications for earwax removal include Debrox and Ceruminex.

    General Health Considerations

    • Cyclosporine (Restasis) is prescribed for severe dry eye treatment.
    • Latanoprost (Xalatan) must be refrigerated for storage.
    • Certain medications, including Xalatan and Lumigan, can change eye color and eyelid appearance.
    • GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease, affecting digestive health.

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    Prepare for your Kaduceus 106 exam with these comprehensive flashcards. Test your knowledge on vital concepts, including acidosis, dialysis, and the renal system. Use this review to solidify your understanding and boost your confidence for the test.

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