Juvenile Protection Law in Turkey

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Questions and Answers

What age defines a juvenile under the Juvenile Protection Law?

Any individual under the age of 21

Any individual aged 12 to 18

Any individual who has not yet completed age eighteen (correct)

Any individual under the age of 16

Which scenario qualifies as a juvenile in need of protection?

A juvenile who has committed a non-violent crime

A juvenile who is engaged in delinquent behavior

A juvenile who has reached age sixteen

A juvenile whose physical, mental, or emotional development is in danger (correct)

What is the first stage of the Juvenile Protection Law process regarding neglect or abuse cases?

Intervention

Treatment/Rehabilitation

Reporting (correct)

Safety Measures

Which of the following is a designated agency for reporting abuse and neglect in Turkey?

Family and Social Services Directorate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Child Advocacy Centers (CAC) in Turkey?

To evaluate suspected child sexual abuse cases in a supportive environment Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'Intervention' under the Juvenile Protection Law?

Physical medical examinations and forensic interviewing Signup and view all the answers

Who can law enforcement officers report suspected abuse and neglect cases to?

Designated agencies and appropriate authorities Signup and view all the answers

What type of juvenile is characterized as being 'pushed to crime'?

A juvenile accused of committing an act defined as a crime Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of Child Advocacy Centers (CACs)?

To prevent recurrent testimonies of abused children Signup and view all the answers

What type of interview is conducted at CACs to obtain information from children?

A semi-structured, single session forensic interview Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals are typically found within the team at a Child Advocacy Center?

Prosecutors, forensic interviewers, and medical doctors Signup and view all the answers

How is the forensic interview at a CAC designed to be conducted?

In a non-leading and supportive manner Signup and view all the answers

What type of examination do forensic mediciners perform according to Turkish law in cases of child sexual abuse?

Physical examinations including genital organs and hymen Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant issue in the response to child sexual abuse before the establishment of CACs in Turkey?

Poor coordination among various responsible entities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of representatives observing forensic interviews at CACs?

To review the progress of the investigation Signup and view all the answers

What service availability do CACs provide in Turkey regarding child sexual abuse cases?

7 days a week, 24 hours a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the consultancy measure?

To offer guidance on child rearing and juvenile problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

What does the education/training measure aim to achieve?

To facilitate attendance at educational or vocational institutions Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is the care measure implemented?

When caregivers fail to fulfill their responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

What type of care does the health measure ensure for juveniles?

Medical care and rehabilitation for health issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the shelter measure?

To ensure safety for pregnant women and children without a home Signup and view all the answers

What are the main parties involved during the forensic interview at Çocuk İzlem Merkezi?

The child, forensic interviewer, and legal representatives Signup and view all the answers

What does the 4 telephone rule in sexual abuse cases refer to?

Notifying key organizations including the prosecutor and social services Signup and view all the answers

What is required before conducting a forensic physical examination of the child?

Explicit permission from the child Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum penalty for an individual who fails to report an ongoing offence?

One year imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

How is the penalty affected if the victim of the offence is a child under the age of fifteen?

The penalty is increased by one half Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum penalty for a public officer who fails to report an offence discovered during their duty?

Six months imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a judicial law enforcement officer failing to report an offence, what happens to the penalty?

The penalty is increased by one half Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professions is included under the member of the medical profession as defined in the law?

Pharmacists Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty for a member of the medical profession who fails to report a suspected crime?

Up to one year imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Juvenile Protection Law?

To regulate the rights and wellbeing of juveniles in need of protection Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does the penalty for failure to report increase by one half?

When the victim is a child or a vulnerable individual Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why children may delay disclosing abuse?

They are fearful or ashamed. Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions have been shown to elicit accurate responses from children?

Open-ended questions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not recommended when managing the disclosure process?

Using personal curiosity to guide the discussion Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended distance between seating arrangements during an interview?

50-70 cm Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the disclosure process, what does the 4W1H framework refer to?

Who, what, where, when, and how Signup and view all the answers

Which type of questions should be avoided during the disclosure process due to potential judgment?

Why questions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals during an interview process with a child regarding abuse?

To obtain necessary information quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using closed-ended questions during a child interview?

They restrict the depth of information obtained. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that prioritizes the well-being of children in all actions concerning them?

Principle of best interest of the child Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child outlines the best interests of the child as a primary consideration?

Article 3 Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured to protect a child's identity during legal proceedings?

Confidentiality of all procedures Signup and view all the answers

What does the evaluation of a child's best interests involve?

Evaluating all necessary elements for specific situations Signup and view all the answers

How do children typically disclose sexual abuse?

Indirectly or directly through trusted individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator of credibility in a child's account of abuse?

Spontaneous disclosure without prompting Signup and view all the answers

What's a critical step to take if a child reports abuse spontaneously?

Assume the account is likely accurate and report it Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence a child's decision to disclose abuse?

Developmental characteristics, family dynamics, and social attitudes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Turkish Penal Code (Articles 278-280)

Failure to Report an Offense (Article 278):
- Reporting offense in progress: A penalty of up to one year imprisonment.
- Reporting a committed offense: Penalty determined by provisions of the same paragraph (paragraph 1) if consequences can be limited.
- Victim is a child, handicapped, or pregnant woman: Penalty increased by half.
Failure by a Public Officer to Report an Offense (Article 279):
- Failure to report an offense requiring investigation and prosecution: Six months to two years imprisonment.
- If the offense is committed by a judicial law enforcement officer: Penalty increased by half
Failure by a Medical Professional to Report an Offense (Article 280):
- Failure to report evidence of a crime: Up to one year imprisonment.
- Scope of medical professionals: Includes physicians, dentists, pharmacists, midwives, nurses and other healthcare providers

Juvenile Protection Law (5395)

Purpose: Regulates procedures for protecting and ensuring rights of youth needing protection or pushed to crime.
Scope: Covers the principles and procedures for protection measures for juveniles in need and safety measures for those pushed to crime. This includes the establishment, duties, and capacities of juvenile courts.
Definitions:
- Juvenile: Individual under 18 years of age regardless of prior legal age
- Juvenile in need of protection: Physical, mental, moral, social, or emotional development or safety is endangered; neglected or abused; a victim of crime.
- Juvenile pushed to crime: Child alleged to have committed a crime or has a security measure imposed.
Stages of Neglect/Abuse Cases:
- Reporting (Bildirim)
- Intervention (Müdahala)
- Treatment/Rehabilitation (Sağaltım)

Reporting Procedures in Turkey

Reporting authorities:
- Family and Social Services Ministry Regional Directorates/Social Services Centers
- Public Prosecutors' Offices
- Bar Associations/Child Rights Centers
- Alo 183 (Social Support Hotline)
- Police (155), Gendarmerie (156)
- Law Enforcement (Police and Gendarmerie)
- Police Child Crime Units

Intervention in Turkey

Methods:
- Testimony, Interview, Physical (Medical) Examination, Referral to Court System
- Forensic Interviewing (eliciting information from witnesses)
Child Advocacy Centers (CACs):
- Established for suspected child abuse cases in a child-friendly environment.
- Multidisciplinary approach.
- Professionals: Prosectors, lawyers, forensic evaluators, medical/health professionals (doctors, nurses), forensic interviewers, social workers
- Aims to prevent recurring testimonies from abused children and tackle secondary emotional abuse.
- Includes physical examination of genital organs, consent, recording, pregnancy risk assessment, contraceptives, sexual transmitted diseases, vaccines.
- Child and adolescent psychiatrist assess psychological issues.
- Social workers assess social needs with home visits
- 67 cities in Turkey, 70 centers, and approximately 4 in Istanbul
Intervention in Turkey: Locations and organizations also mentioned in the text, such as health ministries, universities, and courts.

Treatment in Turkey

Psycho-social support:
- Family and Social Services Ministry Regional Directorates/Social Services Centers
- Health Ministry Directorates
- Ministry of Education Directorates/Guidance & Research Centers
Types of measures:
- Consultancy: Guidance to caretakers and children.
- Education/training: Measures for education (day/boarding), vocational training, and apprenticeships.
- Care: Placement in government or private care facilities.
- Health: Medical care, rehabilitation, and treatment of addictions.
- Shelter: Provision of shelter to those lacking a home or those in danger (pregnant women).

Process of Sexual Abuse Cases

Reporting to related agencies.
Use of civilians for child transportation/care.
Forensic interviewer conducts interview and recording in a mirrored room with other agencies
Forensic physical examination conducted after child permission

Privacy Policy

Best interest of the child: Fundamental principle respecting child rights, dignity, freedom, and equality.
Procedures need to respect identities of children and are to be conducted confidentially.
Necessary information is to be collected, shared, and used with care.

Disclosure of Sexual Abuse

Disclosure: process via trust.
Factors: Developmental, behavioral and social traits/attitudes of the child.
Types of disclosure: direct/indirect
Spontaneous accounts: believed to be accurate.
Delay in Disclosure: common reason for delay include fear or shame.
Open-ended questioning: Children are more accurate with these types of questions.

Managing the Disclosure Process

Empathetic approach, sincerity, trustworthiness essential for the child.
Create a quiet, neutral, and safe environment to interview children.
Impartial role of interviewer: avoid leading questions or judgmental behavior.
Important to get the information from the child in a way that does not cause secondary trauma
Open-ended, 4W1H type of questions are beneficial.
Avoid leading/closed ended questions.
Addressing resistance: patience and alternative questions
Listen without judgment.

Psychological First Aid for the Neglected/Abused Child

Listening without judgment
Remaining calm
Emphasizing that the child is not at fault
Non-touching
Supportive statements

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Description

Test your knowledge of the Juvenile Protection Law in Turkey, including definitions, processes, and the roles of various agencies. This quiz covers key aspects such as the age of juveniles, the purpose of Child Advocacy Centers, and procedures for reporting abuse. Dive into the important protections afforded to minors and the protocols involved in child welfare.