12 Questions
What is the equivalent of the Regional Trial Courts in rank in certain provinces in Mindanao?
Shari'a District Courts
What is the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
Criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices
How many members shall the Supreme Court have?
A Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices
What is the requirement for a member of the Supreme Court to hold office?
Until the age of 70 years
What is the minimum experience required for a member of the Supreme Court?
15 years of experience as a judge of a lower court or law practice
What is the purpose of a Petition for Certiorari?
To request a higher court to review the decision of a lower court or tribunal
What is the role of the Judicial Branch?
Interprets laws
Who is responsible for making appointments to the judiciary in the Philippines?
President of the Philippines
What is the role of Appellate jurisdiction?
Reviewing decisions from lower courts
What is the time limit set for resolving cases at the lower collegiate courts, as mentioned in the text?
12 months
Which body recommends appointees to the Judiciary?
Judicial and Bar Council
What are First Level Courts more commonly known as?
Metropolitan Trial Courts
Study Notes
Regional Trial Courts
- Known as Second Level Courts, established in 13 Judicial regions in the Philippines (Regions I to XII and NCR)
- Responsible for handling cases involving violations of Islamic law (Sharia) within the BARMM
- Shari'a District Courts are equivalent to Regional Trial Courts in rank, established in certain provinces in Mindanao
Shari'a Courts
- Shari'a Circuit Courts are the counterpart of Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, established in certain municipalities in Mindanao
- Handle cases related to violations of laws under the Bangsamoro Basic Law within the BARMM
Sandiganbayan
- Has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices by public officers and employees
- Citizens can file administrative cases against government officials/employees through the Ombudsman
Supreme Court
- Composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices
- Members are appointed by the President from a list of at least three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council
- Requirements for appointment: proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence; natural-born citizen of the Philippines, at least 40 years old, with at least 15 years of experience as a judge or law practice
- Members hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of 70 or become incapacitated
- Salary of the Chief Justice and Associate Justices is fixed by law
Judicial Branch
- Interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution
- Appointments to the judiciary are made by the President based on a list submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council
Judicial and Bar Council
- Composed of the Chief Justice as ex-officio chairman, Secretary of Justice, and other members
- Recommends appointees to the Judiciary
Court Jurisdiction
- A court with limited jurisdiction has authority to hear and decide only certain types of cases or cases within a specific geographic area or subject matter
- Appellate jurisdiction refers to the authority of a higher court to review and reconsider decisions made by lower courts
Case Resolution
- All cases or matters filed after the effectiveness of the Constitution must be decided or resolved within 24 months from date of submission for the Supreme Court
- 12 months for all lower collegiate courts, and 3 months for all other lower courts
Test your knowledge on the roles and appointments related to the Judicial Branch of the Philippines, including the process described in Article VIII, Section 8. Learn about the composition and functions of the Judicial and Bar Council.
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