WK 13: Physiological Changes in Exercise
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WK 13: Physiological Changes in Exercise

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Questions and Answers

During a sustained submaximal isometric contraction, what is the primary aim of increasing effort?

  • To increase body temperature
  • To reduce plasma volume
  • To overcome muscular fatigue (correct)
  • To decrease energy production

    • Where in the brain do sustained increases in signal intensity occur during static handgrip exercise?

  • Mid-Cingulate Cortex
  • Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (correct)
  • Primary Somatosensory Cortex
  • Anterior Cingulate Cortex

    • What is the main purpose of the increase in energy production during exercise in skeletal muscle?

  • To store excess energy
  • To promote muscular fatigue
  • To compensate for the increased demand (correct)
  • To decrease body temperature

    • What was observed in the brainstem during post-exercise ischemia?

    <p>Sustained increases in signal intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what region of the brain do changes in neural activity occur during static handgrip exercise and post-exercise ischemia?

    <p>Anterior Cingulate Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological mechanism contributes to heat loss during exercise?

    <p>Reduced blood flow to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity discussed in the text?

    <p>To regulate blood pressure by constricting blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the increase in heart rate during exercise primarily regulated according to the text?

    <p>Through central command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased metabolic load have on blood flow to non-exercising muscles and the gut?

    <p>Decrease due to splanchnic vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the production of large amounts of metabolic heat during exercise?

    <p>Actions of muscle metabolites on local blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors result in a decrease in blood pressure and perfusion pressure to the blood vessels of contracting muscles?

    <p>Muscle and splanchnic vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the increase in blood pressure in the absence of central command during exercise?

    <p>Reflex inputs from metaboreceptors in the contracting muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood vessels in exercising muscle?

    <p>They dilate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary output nucleus for muscle vasoconstrictor neurons?

    <p>Rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to heart rate and blood pressure during effort?

    <p>They increase rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the reflex response that occurs when metabolites accumulate in exercising muscle?

    <p>Metaboreflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to MSNA to non-contracting muscle during contraction and post-exercise ischaemia?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the signal measured during static hand-grip exercise that indicates changes in neural activity?

    <p>Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of increased blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise?

    <p>To supply O2 and energy substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of heat production during moderate exercise?

    <p>Active skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adrenaline on energy production during exercise?

    <p>It turns on energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of heat loss during exercise?

    <p>Sweat release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate increase in metabolism during exercise compared to rest?

    <p>100-fold increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regulator of heart rate during exercise?

    <p>Central command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what is the primary means of liberating heat?

    <p>Sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to plasma volume when water and solutes are not replaced during exercise?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what happens to blood flow to non-exercising muscles?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do metabolites have on blood flow to exercising muscle?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to skin blood flow during heat stress?

    <p>It increases to ~60% of cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during exercise?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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