47 Questions
What is the function of the synovial fluid in synovial joints?
To nourish cartilage and act as a lubricant
What type of joints have a short periodontal ligament and only one example, which is a tooth within its socket?
Gomphoses
What is the primary function of the articular capsule in synovial joints?
To cover and protect the ends of the articulating bones
What is the main component of the articular capsule?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the main function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
To reduce friction
What is the function of the nerves in synovial joints?
To detect pain and monitor stretch
What type of joints are slightly movable and have fibrocartilage uniting the bones?
Sympheses
What is the term for joints that are freely movable?
Diarthroses
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane?
To make synovial fluid
What type of tissue covers the ends of the articulating bones in synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the term for joints that are united by hyaline cartilage and are immovable?
Synchondroses
What type of connective tissue makes up the outer layer of the articular capsule?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the function of spongy cushions in synovial joints?
To absorb compression
What is the term for the fluid-filled space within a synovial joint?
Joint cavity
What is the primary function of tendons in the human body?
To connect muscles to bones
What is the characteristic of cartilage that allows it to withstand mechanical stress?
Its viscoelastic properties
What is the term for the site where two or more bones or other skeletal components are joined together?
Joint
What is the primary function of ligaments in the human body?
To connect bones to each other
What is the characteristic of synovial joints that allows for smooth movement?
The presence of synovial fluid
What is the term for the fibrous band of connective tissue that connects bones and other connective tissues together at joints?
Ligament
What is the characteristic of proteoglycans in cartilage that allows for its unique properties?
Their ability to absorb water
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
To secrete the lubrication fluid synovial fluid
What is the main difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone to bone
What is the composition of cartilage?
Avascular and not innervated, with one cell type (chondrocyte)
What is the function of extrinsic ligaments?
To support the joint and connect the articulating bones
What is the percentage of type I collagen in tendons?
95-99%
What is the name of the type of cartilage found in the epiglottis, larynx, and pinna?
Elastic cartilage
What is the name of the joint where fibrous cartilage is found?
TMJ (Temporomandibular joint)
What is unique about the character of the TMJ condylar cartilage?
It has both fibrocartilaginous and hyaline-like character.
What surrounds the head and neck of the condyloid process?
The fibrous capsule
What is the term for the region of the joint cavity below the articular disc?
Not specified in the text
What is the result of the degeneration of the articular disc?
Joint instability and dislocation
What is the function of the post-glenoid process?
Not specified in the text
What is the composition of the articular disc?
Fibrocartilage
What is the effect of mechanical stress on the articular disc?
It leads to the degeneration of the disc
What is the boundary between the fibrocartilaginous and hyaline-like zones of the TMJ condylar cartilage?
A thin proliferative zone
What is the primary function of the articular eminence?
Not specified in the text
Which of the following ligaments tightens with protraction of the mandible?
Sphenomandibular ligament
What is the attachment site of the lower division of the disc in the TMJ?
Condylar neck
Which muscle produces a gliding motion in the upper synovial cavity?
Temporalis
What is the origin of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
Temporal bone
What is the nerve supply of the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular division of cranial nerve V
What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?
Depresses, protracts, and laterally moves the mandible
What is the type of joint that the TMJ is classified as?
Ball and socket joint
Which ligament prevents excessive retraction of the mandible?
TMJ ligament
What is the attachment site of the upper division of the disc in the TMJ?
Post-glenoid process
Which muscle is the strongest of the four muscles of mastication?
Masseter
Explore the classification of joints, the structure and role of ligaments and tendons, and the histology and functional characteristics of synovial joints like the TMJ. Learn about joint structure and function, and understand key definitions.
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