John Calvin and the English Reformation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following sacraments are recognized in both the Catholic Church and Protestant Reformation?

Confession

Marriage

Baptism (correct)

Communion (correct)

The Protestant Reformation led to a unified view of Christianity among all Europeans.

False

What major factor led to the discontent that fueled the Protestant Reformation?

Church corruption

Calvinism strongly emphasized the idea of __________, which suggests that God has already determined who will be saved.

predestination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their contributions during the Protestant Reformation:

Martin Luther = Nailed the 95 Theses to a church door John Calvin = Established theocratic government in Geneva Henry VIII = Led the English Reformation Zwingli = Critiqued the use of sacraments in the church Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of John Calvin's theology?

Fate is decided BEFORE birth Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism promoted equal rights for women compared to the societal norms of the time.

True Signup and view all the answers

What role did Calvinism play in Geneva's social structure?

It created a theocratic government that promoted religious morality and order. Signup and view all the answers

John Calvin believed that individuals have no free will and that their fate is decided by __________.

God Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance in the English Reformation:

Act of Supremacy = Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England Reformation Parliament = Allowed Henry to consolidate religious and political power Henry's Marriage to Catherine = Led to a desire for a male heir Seizure of Catholic land = Consolidated economic power for Henry Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is characteristic of Calvinism?

Strict moral laws Signup and view all the answers

Calvinism encouraged a chaotic lifestyle among its followers.

False Signup and view all the answers

How did the Protestant movement expand in relation to Calvinism?

It spread rapidly as Calvinists preached their beliefs to people back home, converting many. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of 'Sola Fide' associated with Martin Luther?

The belief that faith alone is sufficient for salvation. Signup and view all the answers

Martin Luther believed that all believers are equal and could serve as priests.

True Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did Martin Luther initiate on October 31, 1517?

He posted the 95 Theses. Signup and view all the answers

Martin Luther argued that __________ should not be a priority for clergy at the time.

knowing the Bible Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their contributions to the Reformation:

Martin Luther = Posted the 95 Theses Erasmus = Wrote In Praise of Folly Philip Melanchthon = Spread Luther's message during his absence Thomas à Kempis = Promoted modern devotion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Calvin's idea of predestination?

Salvation is determined by God before birth. Signup and view all the answers

The English Reformation was influenced solely by Martin Luther's ideas.

False Signup and view all the answers

What role did women play in Calvinism during the Reformation?

Women took on significant roles in family education and religious life, but were largely excluded from formal leadership positions. Signup and view all the answers

In Geneva, Calvin established a __________ government based on religious principles.

theocratic Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspects of Calvinism with their implications:

Predestination = Belief that God has already chosen the saved Moral discipline = Encouragement of social reforms Simplicity in worship = Rejection of elaborate rituals Community responsibility = Emphasis on collective virtue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

John Calvin

French theologian (1509-1564) who was influential in the Protestant Reformation.
Exiled to Switzerland due to his religious beliefs.
Advocated for predestination: the belief that God predetermines who will be saved or damned.
His ideas were influenced by Martin Luther.
Believed in the concept of "Living Saints" or the "Elect," those destined for heaven.
Established a theocratic government in Geneva, which promoted his religious beliefs.
Geneva became a refuge for persecuted Protestants.
Calvinism spread rapidly, particularly in Europe.
Calvinism promoted a strict moral code and emphasized education for both men and women.

English Reformation

Initiated by King Henry VIII (1491-1547) of England.
His desire for a male heir and his dissatisfaction with Pope Clement VII's refusal to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon led to the break with the Roman Catholic Church.
He established the Church of England (Anglican Church) and declared himself Supreme Head of the Church.
He confiscated Church lands and assets, consolidating his economic power.
The Act of Supremacy (1534) officially recognized Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.
Henry VIII married six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr.

Major Themes of the Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a period of religious and political upheaval in Europe, marked by a challenge to the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
Key figures: Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII played pivotal roles in transforming religious practices and structures.
Divisions within the Reformation: Different interpretations of Christian doctrines and practices led to the emergence of various Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.
Catholic Response to the Reformation: The Roman Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Reformation through the Counter-Reformation, which aimed to reaffirm its teachings and combat heresy.
Factors Leading to the Reformation:
- Church Corruption: The Catholic Church faced widespread criticism for its perceived corruption, including practices such as indulgences.
- Lack of Biblical Authority: Protestants emphasized a more literal interpretation of the Bible and criticized the Church's emphasis on tradition and human authority.
- Political and Economic Factors: The Reformation was also influenced by political and economic tensions, such as the desire of monarchs to assert greater control over Church affairs.

Martin Luther

German monk and theologian (1483-1546).
He is considered the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.
Luther believed that salvation is achieved through faith alone (Sola Fide).
He challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and its practices, including indulgences.
He published his 95 Theses in 1517, which criticized the sale of indulgences.
His ideas were widely disseminated through the printing press.
Luther believed in the priesthood of all believers, meaning that all Christians are equal in the eyes of God.
He translated the Bible into German, making it more accessible to common people.

Erasmus

Dutch humanist and scholar (1466-1536).
He wrote In Praise of Folly, which criticized the corruption and hypocrisy within the Catholic Church.
Erasmus's work influenced Martin Luther and contributed to the intellectual ferment of the Reformation.

Modern Devotion

A religious movement that emphasized personal piety and devotion.
It was popular among the laity and influenced the Reformation.
Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471), author of The Imitation of Christ, was a significant figure in this movement.
The movement emphasized reading the Bible, living a virtuous life, and imitating Jesus Christ.

Other Key Figures

Phillip Melanchthon (1497-1560): Luther's close associate and collaborator, Melanchthon played a key role in spreading and developing Luther's ideas.
Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540): He was a key advisor to Henry VIII during the English Reformation.
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556): English Archbishop of Canterbury, he played a vital role in shaping the Church of England.

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Description

Explore the significant contributions of John Calvin to the Protestant Reformation alongside the pivotal events of the English Reformation. Learn about Calvin's beliefs in predestination and the establishment of the Church of England by King Henry VIII. This quiz delves into the lasting impacts of these theological shifts on European society.