Questions and Answers
What is predestination?
The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved.
What teachings did Calvinism emphasize?
A strong moral code and the belief in predestination.
A theocracy is a government controlled by non-religious leaders.
False
Who were the followers of Knox known as?
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What is the meaning of the term Anabaptist?
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What was the goal of the Catholic Reformation?
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Who founded the Society of Jesus?
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What major event took place at the Council of Trent?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Protestant Reformation
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Predestination
- Doctrine asserting God's foreordained decision regarding eternal salvation.
- Humans are inherently sinful and cannot earn salvation.
- Those chosen for salvation are referred to as the "elected."
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Calvinism
- Founded by John Calvin, emphasizing strict moral codes.
- Integral belief in predestination; salvation is determined at birth.
- Advocated for constitutional representative government and church-state separation.
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Theocracy
- A government led by religious authorities.
- Calvin became a leader in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1541.
- Geneva, with a population of 20,000, enforced strict adherence to Calvin's rules, with severe penalties for non-compliance.
Reformation Movements
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Presbyterianism
- Followers of John Knox, who implemented Calvin's ideas in Scotland around 1559.
- Local church governance is managed by elders, termed Presbyterians.
- Calvinism was established as Scotland's official religion, leading to the deposition of Catholic Mary Queen of Scots in favor of her son, James.
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Anabaptism
- Name derives from the Greek word meaning "baptize again"; advocates re-baptism of believers.
- Emphasized the separation of church and state and pacifism.
- Faced persecution from both Catholics and Protestants, leaving a legacy that influenced the Mennonites and Amish, as well as groups like the Quakers and Baptists.
Catholic Response to the Reformation
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Catholic Reformation
- Movement aimed at reforming the Catholic Church from within, countering the spread of Protestantism.
- Key figures included Ignatius of Loyola and popes Paul III and IV, who promoted renewal efforts.
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Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
- Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540 to advance Catholic education, missionary work, and counter Protestantism.
- Established schools across Europe with a focus on classical studies and theology.
- Engaged in global missions to convert non-Christians and inhibit Protestant influence, particularly in Poland and southern Germany.
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Council of Trent
- Met from 1545 to 1563 to establish Catholic doctrine in response to Protestant claims.
- Affirmed the Church's authority in biblical interpretation and emphasized the necessity of faith and good works for salvation.
- Validated indulgences while condemning their fraudulent sale, with a focus on maintaining doctrinal integrity and safeguarding against heresy.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 13 Section 4, specifically the doctrines of Predestination and Calvinism. Learn about the foundational beliefs regarding salvation and moral conduct that shaped this Protestant sect founded by John Calvin.
