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Questions and Answers
How does high work pressure affect individuals with low emotional stability compared to those with high emotional stability?
How does high work pressure affect individuals with low emotional stability compared to those with high emotional stability?
On what basis can dynamics of change over time be incorporated into hypotheses, according to Pitariu and Ployhart?
On what basis can dynamics of change over time be incorporated into hypotheses, according to Pitariu and Ployhart?
Which personality trait is associated with higher happiness on days spent in paid work activities?
Which personality trait is associated with higher happiness on days spent in paid work activities?
What aspect of outside activities contributes to happiness for individuals with high extraversion?
What aspect of outside activities contributes to happiness for individuals with high extraversion?
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What is indicated about the relationship between job demands and employee's work experiences?
What is indicated about the relationship between job demands and employee's work experiences?
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Which of the following factors is associated with increased job strain?
Which of the following factors is associated with increased job strain?
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What does JD-R theory suggest about employees with access to job resources?
What does JD-R theory suggest about employees with access to job resources?
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What can influence the availability of job resources from day to day?
What can influence the availability of job resources from day to day?
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On days when employees are more engaged, what behavior are they more likely to exhibit?
On days when employees are more engaged, what behavior are they more likely to exhibit?
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What aspect of JD-R theory raises questions about its falsifiability?
What aspect of JD-R theory raises questions about its falsifiability?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of job resource mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of job resource mentioned?
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How does task complexity impact job demands according to the recent research?
How does task complexity impact job demands according to the recent research?
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What does the JD-R theory propose employees do when they are highly engaged?
What does the JD-R theory propose employees do when they are highly engaged?
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How do job demands primarily affect employees during high-pressure situations?
How do job demands primarily affect employees during high-pressure situations?
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What role do leader behaviors play in the context of job demands and resources?
What role do leader behaviors play in the context of job demands and resources?
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Which factor is suggested to amplify the need for job resources?
Which factor is suggested to amplify the need for job resources?
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In the context of leadership, what negative impact can abusive leaders have?
In the context of leadership, what negative impact can abusive leaders have?
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What does COR theory propose about the relationship between job demands and resources?
What does COR theory propose about the relationship between job demands and resources?
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What does JD–R theory propose about the relationship between personal resources and job resources?
What does JD–R theory propose about the relationship between personal resources and job resources?
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According to JD–R theory, which personal resource is likely to help employees cope with job demands?
According to JD–R theory, which personal resource is likely to help employees cope with job demands?
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What do job demands typically lead to when they exceed available resources?
What do job demands typically lead to when they exceed available resources?
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What is considered a job resource resulting from supportive leadership?
What is considered a job resource resulting from supportive leadership?
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Which of the following describes a potential outcome of high personal resources in employees?
Which of the following describes a potential outcome of high personal resources in employees?
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What effect does high work pressure have on the need for job resources?
What effect does high work pressure have on the need for job resources?
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What is a characteristic of employees who are optimistic according to JD–R theory?
What is a characteristic of employees who are optimistic according to JD–R theory?
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How do personal resources affect the impact of job demands on employee well-being?
How do personal resources affect the impact of job demands on employee well-being?
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Which pair of scholars conducted a study linking JD–R theory and emotional demands in the workplace?
Which pair of scholars conducted a study linking JD–R theory and emotional demands in the workplace?
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Which of the following is NOT included as a type of personal resource in JD–R theory?
Which of the following is NOT included as a type of personal resource in JD–R theory?
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What implication does JD–R theory have for workplace interventions?
What implication does JD–R theory have for workplace interventions?
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What was the main focus of the meta-analysis conducted in 2011?
What was the main focus of the meta-analysis conducted in 2011?
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Which framework suggests that some job demands may benefit employees?
Which framework suggests that some job demands may benefit employees?
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What was the meta-analytic correlation found between job demands and work engagement?
What was the meta-analytic correlation found between job demands and work engagement?
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According to Lesener et al. (2019), what meta-correlation was found between T1 work engagement and T2 burnout?
According to Lesener et al. (2019), what meta-correlation was found between T1 work engagement and T2 burnout?
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According to the challenge-hindrance stressor framework, what is the primary characteristic of challenge demands?
According to the challenge-hindrance stressor framework, what is the primary characteristic of challenge demands?
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What potential effects can job strain instigate according to the research?
What potential effects can job strain instigate according to the research?
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What is one example of a challenge job demand mentioned in the content?
What is one example of a challenge job demand mentioned in the content?
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What aspect of work engagement and job resources is considered in the findings presented?
What aspect of work engagement and job resources is considered in the findings presented?
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What is a possible indirect effect of job resources on strain as suggested in the content?
What is a possible indirect effect of job resources on strain as suggested in the content?
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What are hindrance job demands believed to do in contrast to challenge job demands?
What are hindrance job demands believed to do in contrast to challenge job demands?
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Who conducted a meta-analysis based on 57 independent samples?
Who conducted a meta-analysis based on 57 independent samples?
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Which of the following cognitions and behaviors may result from job demands and strain?
Which of the following cognitions and behaviors may result from job demands and strain?
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What could be a reason behind the misconception that resources directly influence strain?
What could be a reason behind the misconception that resources directly influence strain?
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Which conclusion is drawn regarding employees with access to more job resources?
Which conclusion is drawn regarding employees with access to more job resources?
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What correlation was identified between T1 burnout and T2 work engagement?
What correlation was identified between T1 burnout and T2 work engagement?
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What psychological cost may be associated with job resources as per the research discussed?
What psychological cost may be associated with job resources as per the research discussed?
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Study Notes
Job Demands-Resources Theory
- JD-R theory explains how work environments (job demands and resources) affect employee well-being and performance. It differs from classic job design theories by acknowledging each organization's unique demands and resources.
- Job demands are aspects of the job requiring effort, leading to physical or psychological costs (e.g., workload, interpersonal conflicts).
- Job resources are aspects of the job with motivating potential, such as constructive feedback or social support. Job resources help achieve work goals and lessen the impact of demands.
- Two key processes are involved:
- The health impairment process: Job demands lead to exhaustion, impacting health over time.
- The motivational process: Job resources boost work engagement (energy, motivation, focus).
- JD-R Theory has a combined impact on employee well-being.
- The buffer hypothesis: Job resources lessen the impact of demands on strain.
- The boost hypothesis: Challenging demands increase the importance of resources for work engagement.
- Personal resources (optimism, self-efficacy, resilience) interact with job resources.
- Job crafting: Employees can actively reshape their jobs by modifying demands and resources. This aligns work with abilities and preferences.
- Loss spirals: High job demands lead to self-undermining, increasing future demands.
- Gain spirals: Job resources encourage job crafting, increasing future resources.
- Job demands and resources often correlate negatively; high demands lead to less availability of resources, and vice-versa.
- Hindrance versus challenge job demands: Though both are draining, hindrance demands block progress, while challenge demands offer growth opportunities. Both can negatively impact well-being if excessive.
- Within-person effects: Daily fluctuations in demands, resources, and employee behaviors are considered.
- Between-person effects: Average levels of demands, resources, and outcomes across individuals are considered.
- Personality: Influences how demands and resources are perceived and affect outcomes (e.g., emotional stability moderates stress responses).
- JD-R theory is applicable across various domains (work, education, sports).
- A standard JD-R questionnaire exists, though individual jobs may need customized assessments.
- Issues exist in application, highlighting the need for flexibility and considering nuances in different work environments.
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Description
Explore the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory that illustrates how workplace conditions influence employee well-being and performance. Learn about the dual processes of health impairment and motivation, and understand how job resources can mitigate the effects of job demands. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of workplace dynamics and employee engagement.
