Jicama: History and Utilization
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Questions and Answers

What type of plant is jicama classified as?

  • Woody perennial
  • Woody shrub
  • Annual herb
  • Herbaceous vine (correct)

    • What is the first step in processing jicama for consumption?

  • Chopping into cubes
  • Peeling the skin
  • Harvesting the tuberous root (correct)
  • Cutting into sticks

    • In which regions of the world is jicama most widely grown and used?

  • Australia and Antarctica
  • Central and South America (correct)
  • North America and Europe
  • Asia and Africa

    • Which part of the jicama plant is primarily utilized?

    <p>Tuberous root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines jicama as a perennial plant?

    <p>It lives for more than two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic purpose for which Jatropha is cultivated?

    <p>Biodiesel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the Jatropha plant is used for oil extraction?

    <p>Seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after drying the harvested seeds of Jatropha?

    <p>Crushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category does Jatropha belong in terms of its plant type?

    <p>Woody shrub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the final steps involved in preparing Jatropha oil for use?

    <p>Filtering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the potato blight that occurred in Ireland in the mid-1800s?

    <p>It prompted a mass emigration to North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding yams is true?

    <p>Yams can weigh up to 20 kg and include species like Dioscorea alata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the potato's cultivation led to its vulnerability during the famine?

    <p>Introduction from a single cultivar with low genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of taro as a corm?

    <p>It thrives in water-saturated soils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tubers is native to West Africa and is a significant carbohydrate source?

    <p>Yellow yam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a true root crop?

    <p>Onion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a true root from an underground stem?

    <p>True roots absorb and conduct water and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples represents a bulb?

    <p>Garlic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vegetable may encompass all above-ground plant parts except for the fruit?

    <p>Green vegetable crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of taproots?

    <p>They store carbohydrates and are typically swollen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the initial uses of spices in food?

    <p>To mask the smell and taste of spoiling food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event contributed to Venice becoming the main distributor of exotic spices?

    <p>The sacking of Constantinople</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spices were primarily imported from India, China, and the Arabian Peninsula during the Spice Trade?

    <p>Black pepper and exotic spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Roman conquests affect the use of spices in northern Europe?

    <p>They introduced Mediterranean spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Crusades on the spice trade?

    <p>The spread of spices to Europe from the Holy Land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did Vasco de Gama make in 1499?

    <p>An alternative sea trade route from Europe to India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company initially monopolized the trade in black pepper and other spices?

    <p>Portuguese East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb from the Mint Family is known for its sharp, pungent flavor and is commonly used in cooking?

    <p>Rosemary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main challenges associated with overland caravan trade routes for spices?

    <p>High costs and dangerous conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the economic trend regarding spices by the mid-1800s?

    <p>Colonization allowed for a more reliable and affordable supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily determines the efficiency of bioethanol production?

    <p>The energy balance ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy balance achieved by Brazil using modern sugar cane facilities?

    <p>8.0 or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge for producing bioethanol from non-tropical species such as switchgrass and hybrid poplar?

    <p>Their impractical high cellulose content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical impact did sugar cane cultivation have in the Caribbean?

    <p>It contributed to the establishment of the African slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process was involved in the 'Sugar Triangle' trade?

    <p>Transporting manufactured goods to Africa for enslaved people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links glucose units in starch?

    <p>Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes cellulose?

    <p>It consists of glucose units linked by beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of bioethanol?

    <p>It is considered sustainable as it is produced from renewable resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does amylase play in starch digestion?

    <p>It breaks starch into glucose and maltose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is starch more digestible than cellulose?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of biodiesel fuel compared to petroleum-based diesel?

    <p>It produces significantly less net life cycle emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant oil has the highest production efficiency for biodiesel, exceeding 5,000 kg/ha?

    <p>Palm oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of canola oil makes it suitable for culinary uses?

    <p>Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to create biodiesel from plant oils?

    <p>Transesterification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alcohol in the biodiesel production process?

    <p>It replaces glycerol during the transesterification process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

    <p>Saturated fats have no double bonds in the fatty acid chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of hydrogenation in plant oils?

    <p>It leads to the formation of trans fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oils are considered 'drying oils' due to their high degree of unsaturation?

    <p>Sunflower and linseed oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary health risk associated with consuming trans fatty acids?

    <p>They raise 'bad' LDL cholesterol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of trans fats that makes them widely used in processed foods?

    <p>They are more stable and extend shelf life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health benefits is associated with omega-3 fatty acids?

    <p>They aid in normal child development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary source of oils used historically for soap making in Medieval Europe?

    <p>Animal fats like tallow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the hydrophobic end of a soap molecule?

    <p>To dissolve non-polar substances like grease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization is credited with creating soap-like substances for cleansing and medicinal purposes?

    <p>The Egyptians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason latex is produced by plants?

    <p>To provide protection from injury and deter herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of plant latex that contributes to its properties?

    <p>Polyterpenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process converts raw rubber into a more durable form?

    <p>Vulcanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of natural rubber in modern applications?

    <p>Vehicle tires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is one of the largest producers of natural rubber?

    <p>Indonesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where is the majority of natural rubber now produced due to a fungal disease in its native region?

    <p>Southeast Asia and Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a unique method used by the Mayans to enhance the durability of rubber?

    <p>Using morning glory sap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique property does cured natural rubber possess in terms of energy storage?

    <p>It stores strain energy electrostatically and thermally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did Manaus experience significant wealth due to the rubber boom?

    <p>1879-1912</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did indigenous 'rubber tappers' primarily do in the rubber collection process?

    <p>Harvest latex from wild trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to mechanically remove seed hair fibres from cotton seeds?

    <p>Ginning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of fibre extraction involves decomposing plant material in stagnant water?

    <p>Retting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of plant fibres is NOT mentioned as influencing their applications?

    <p>Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal use of plant fibres like cotton?

    <p>Manufacturing textiles and other materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of harvesting cotton through monocultures with synchronous seed maturation?

    <p>Enhances the efficiency of harvesting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to separate cotton fibres from seeds after maturity?

    <p>Ginning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical process increases the luster and durability of cotton yarn?

    <p>Mercerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of fresh cotton fibres?

    <p>91% cellulose and 8% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Jicama (Pachyrhizuserosus)

    • Plant family: Fabaceae (pea family)
    • Plant type: Herbaceous vine
    • It's a perennial plant
    • Native to Mexico and Central America

    History as a Food Plant

    • First domesticated in Mexico, dated to 3000 BC
    • Archaeological sites in Peru have evidence from 3000 BC
    • Widely grown and used in Central America and Southeast Asia
    • Introduced to Southeast Asia by the Spanish in the 17th century
    • Popular in countries like the Philippines, China, etc.

    Utilization

    • Part used: Tuberous root
    • Processing:
      • Harvesting: Root harvested from the ground
      • Peeling: Thin brown skin peeled off
      • Cutting: Cut into sticks, cubes, or slices
    • Consumption:
      • Eaten raw in salads, salsas, or as a snack
      • Cooked in stir-fries, soups, and stews
      • Retains crisp texture

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating journey of Jicama, a perennial plant native to Mexico and Central America. This quiz delves into its history as a food source since 3000 BC, its introduction to Southeast Asia, and various ways to utilize this delicious tuberous root. Test your knowledge about its processing, consumption, and culinary uses.

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