Jicama: History and Uses
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristics identify jicama as a perennial plant?

  • It lives longer than two years and often goes dormant in winter. (correct)
  • It produces seeds every year.
  • It grows taller than most other plants.
  • It requires frequent replanting each season.

    • What is the primary part of the jicama plant that is utilized for food?

  • Leaves
  • Stem
  • Tuberous root (correct)
  • Flowers

    • In which two regions of the world is jicama most widely grown and used?

  • Southeast Asia and Central America (correct)
  • Middle East and African savanna
  • North America and Europe
  • Australia and Antarctica

    • Which method is NOT involved in processing jicama for consumption?

    <p>Boiling the root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plant is jicama classified as?

    <p>Herbaceous vine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the Jatropha plant is primarily harvested for economic purposes?

    <p>Seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the processing of Jatropha seeds after harvesting?

    <p>Drying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to extract oil from crushed Jatropha seeds?

    <p>Pressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what economic sector is Jatropha primarily utilized?

    <p>Biodiesel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the processing of Jatropha seed oil to enhance its quality?

    <p>Refining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a true root in the context of vegetable crops?

    <p>Plant parts whose primary function is absorption and conduction of water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vegetables is classified as a bulb?

    <p>Garlic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the pungent flavor of food bulbs in the Allium genus?

    <p>Volatile sulfur compounds released when cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples is NOT considered an above-ground vegetable crop?

    <p>Potato tubers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes corms from bulbs in plant classification?

    <p>Corms do not have layers and roots at the bottom like bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the potato blight that occurred in Ireland in the mid-1800s?

    <p>A significant decline in the population of Ireland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the potato?

    <p>It is primarily propagated vegetatively through its 'eyes'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which yam species is known for producing tubers weighing up to 20 kg?

    <p>Water yam (Dioscorea alata)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of taro makes it necessary to be cooked before consumption?

    <p>The presence of calcium oxalate crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons for the unreliability and high cost of spice supply to Europe before 1499?

    <p>The dangerous nature of overland caravan trade routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the initial uses of spices in food?

    <p>To mask the smell and taste of spoiling food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which European company initially monopolized the spice trade after Vasco de Gama's discovery?

    <p>The Portuguese East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical event significantly contributed to the spread of spices to northern Europe?

    <p>The Roman conquests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the Mint Family of spices?

    <p>They predominantly contain fragrant essential oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb from the Mint Family is primarily used in Italian cooking?

    <p>Oregano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary product imported through the Spice Trade from other regions?

    <p>Woolen cloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does drying mint leaves have on their essential oils?

    <p>It can result in some loss of essential oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of Marco Polo's expeditions during the Spice Trade?

    <p>The introduction of new Indian and East Asian spices to Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary measure of efficiency in bioethanol production?

    <p>Energy balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical impact did the cultivation of sugar cane have in the Caribbean?

    <p>Initiation of the African slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links glucose units in starch?

    <p>Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge in using non-tropical species like switchgrass for bioethanol production?

    <p>High cellulose content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cellulose often referred to as dietary fiber?

    <p>Most organisms, including humans, cannot digest it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the source of bioethanol?

    <p>Obtained through the breakdown of sugar, usually from sucrose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that distinguishes cellulose from starch?

    <p>Cellulose is indigestible by most organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a component of gasoline?

    <p>Disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats in plant oils?

    <p>Saturated fats contain no double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hydrogenation have on unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>It increases the production of saturated fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of oil is characterized by having one double bond in its fatty acid chain?

    <p>Monounsaturated oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential health risk associated with consuming trans fatty acids?

    <p>Increased risk of heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration of hydrogen atoms is associated with trans double bonds?

    <p>Hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines extra virgin olive oil?

    <p>It comes from the first pressing of the highest quality olives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients are the seeds of sesame high in?

    <p>Unsaturated fats, protein, iron, and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the peanut originally domesticated?

    <p>South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for cheaper olive oil?

    <p>Production of prepared foods and soap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the flower stalk play in the growth of peanuts?

    <p>It elongates after pollination to bury the seedpod in the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the production of biodiesel to be classified as a renewable energy source?

    <p>The carbon dioxide produced is fixed by plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the production efficiency of canola oil compare with palm oil?

    <p>Palm oil has significantly higher efficiency than canola oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plant oils results in a soap that is hard and long-lasting?

    <p>Palm oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of biodiesel when produced from canola oils?

    <p>It gels at low temperatures, specifically below -10°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the elastic properties of raw rubber?

    <p>Polyterpenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process that stabilizes rubber against temperature changes?

    <p>Vulcanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vulcanization have on natural rubber?

    <p>Enhances durability and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the Para rubber tree is primarily responsible for latex production?

    <p>Lactifer vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a fungal leaf blight on the Para rubber tree?

    <p>Decrease in natural rubber production in native regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using natural rubber in the manufacturing of modern radial tires?

    <p>Better shock absorption from hysteresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the global rubber production is sourced from natural rubber?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is NOT one of the leading producers of natural rubber globally?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major innovation did the Mayans contribute to rubber usage?

    <p>Enhancing rubber's durability with sap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did Manaus experience a rubber boom that significantly raised its wealth?

    <p>1879-1912</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to increase the luster and durability of cotton yarn?

    <p>Mercerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of mature cotton fibres?

    <p>91% cellulose and 8% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows the cleaning of cotton fibres after they are harvested?

    <p>Combing or carding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of the kapok tree's fibres?

    <p>They are composed of cellulose and lignin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ginning in the extraction of plant fibres?

    <p>To mechanically remove seed hair fibres from cotton seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves decomposing plant material to extract bast fibres?

    <p>Retting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibres does the process of decortication primarily extract?

    <p>Hard leaf fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of cotton makes it one of the most valuable non-food plant commodities?

    <p>It has short, uniform heights and synchronous flowering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a method used for the extraction of plant fibres?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary step in processing coffee beans before fermentation?

    <p>Floating and sorting the berries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region was the first to record the use of coffee as a beverage?

    <p>The Arabian Peninsula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tea is primarily produced in India and Sri Lanka?

    <p>Black tea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process follows the hand-picking of young leaves for black tea production?

    <p>Machine shredding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT a significant producer of tea?

    <p>Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the final flavor of coffee?

    <p>The roasting and blending methods applied to the coffee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coffee species is known for its superior flavor and is commonly used in higher-quality fresh brewed coffees?

    <p>Coffea arabica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of robusta coffee compared to arabica?

    <p>Robusta coffee is more bitter and less flavorful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is NOT a primary production area for coffea arabica?

    <p>Northern Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is used for extracting the stimulant alkaloid theobromine?

    <p>Theobroma cacao</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fermentation in the production of alcoholic beverages?

    <p>To convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following grape species is primarily used in winemaking?

    <p>Vitis vinifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for grafting European grape varieties onto North American rootstock?

    <p>To provide resistance against pests like phylloxera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are red wines produced differently from white wines?

    <p>Red wines include grape skins during fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Saccharomyces ellipsoides in winemaking?

    <p>To ferment the crushed grapes into wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the wine-making process after fermentation?

    <p>Pressing the crushed grapes to extract additional liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification represents the highest quality standard for exported French wines?

    <p>Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of wine-growing regions often correlates with the price of the wine?

    <p>The specificity of the location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the French wine classification system?

    <p>It has significant 'snob appeal' and bureaucratic nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category within the French wine classification system?

    <p>Vin de Luxe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grape varieties are primarily grown in the Burgundy region?

    <p>Pinot Noir and Gamay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT part of the Champagne production process?

    <p>Aging in oak barrels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wine classification level in Italy allows only a simple statement of region of production?

    <p>Vino de Tavola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine is associated with the Bordeaux region's southern area?

    <p>Sweet white wines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adding yeast and sugar before corking Champagne bottles?

    <p>To restart bottle fermentation for carbonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus)

    • Plant family: Fabaceae (pea family)
    • Plant type: Herbaceous vine
    • Life cycle: Perennial (lives more than 2 years)
    • Native distribution: Mexico and Central America

    History as a Food Plant

    • First domesticated in Mexico (around 3000 BC)
    • Archaeological evidence in Peru (3000 BC)
    • Widely grown in Central America and Southeast Asia
    • Introduced to Southeast Asia by the Spanish in the 17th century
    • Popular in countries like the Philippines, China

    Utilization

    • Used part: Tuberous root
    • Processing:
      • Harvesting: Roots are dug up
      • Peeling: Thin brown skin is removed
      • Cutting: Cut into sticks, cubes, slices
    • Preparation:
      • Eaten raw in salads, salsas
      • Crunchy snack with lime juice and chili powder
      • Cooked in stir-fries, soups, stews (retains crisp texture)

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating journey of jicama, a tuber native to Mexico and Central America. Learn about its historical significance, from its domestication over 5000 years ago to its popular use in modern cuisine. Discover how this crunchy vegetable is prepared and enjoyed in various dishes across the globe.

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