Jicama as a Food Plant
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Questions and Answers

What is the botanical classification of jicama in terms of its growth type?

  • Shrub
  • Tree
  • Herbaceous (correct)
  • Woody

Which characteristic defines jicama as a perennial plant?

  • It can survive more than two years. (correct)
  • It has a short life cycle of less than a year.
  • It reproduces through seeds every year.
  • It grows in tropical regions only.

Where was jicama first domesticated?

  • South America (correct)
  • Africa
  • North America
  • Southeast Asia

Which two regions are the primary areas where jicama is widely grown and used?

<p>Asia and South America (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in processing the jicama tuberous root for consumption?

<p>Harvesting it from the ground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes Jatropha curcas?

<p>It is a perennial shrub. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic purpose for cultivating Jatropha curcas?

<p>Biodiesel production from its oil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After harvesting, what is the next processing step for Jatropha seeds?

<p>Drying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly follows the crushing of Jatropha seeds?

<p>Pressing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtering the extracted oil from Jatropha?

<p>To remove impurities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What flavor characteristic is most commonly associated with sage leaves?

<p>Pungent and somewhat bitter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region is marjoram predominantly preferred in cooking?

<p>Northern Italy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main ingredient is combined with basil for making pesto sauce?

<p>Olive oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Mint Family that affects its use in cooking?

<p>They contain specialized leaf cells with fragrant oils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the economic importance of the Mint Family is true?

<p>They have historical significance dating back to Ancient Egyptian usage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of drying leaves from the Mint Family?

<p>A loss of some essential oils. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes rosemary's flavor profile?

<p>Sharp and pungent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industry are the essential oils from the Mint Family predominantly utilized?

<p>Cosmetics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is classified as a monocot and is primarily propagated through underground stems?

<p>Garlic (A), Yam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of potatoes contributed to their high susceptibility to disease, particularly during the Irish famine?

<p>Clonal propagation from a single cultivar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for the pungent flavor of Allium species?

<p>Volatile sulfur compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region is identified as the origin of the potato, which became a staple food source in Europe?

<p>Bolivia and Peru (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about taro is accurate?

<p>Taro must be cooked to eliminate irritant crystals and is a monocot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring the safety of cassava consumption?

<p>Cassava should be boiled and pulverized to remove cyanogenic glycosides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes sweet potatoes from yams in grocery stores?

<p>Sweet potatoes are often mislabeled as yams in North American markets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the carrot and parsnip based on their family classification?

<p>Both belong to the Apiaceae family and are true roots. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the nutritional content of sweet potatoes?

<p>They are rich in both starch and essential vitamins and minerals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is noted as one of the largest producers of sugar cane globally?

<p>Brazil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant social consequence of the establishment of sugar plantations in the Caribbean by Europeans?

<p>Rise of the African slave trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is primarily used to propagate sugar cane?

<p>Stem cuttings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs after the sugary juice is extracted from sugar cane?

<p>Centrifugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global sugar supply is produced from sugar beets?

<p>20-25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the growth habit of sugar cane?

<p>It is a tall perennial grass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the economic importance of sugar cane?

<p>It is essential in sugar production worldwide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the native region of sugar cane is correct?

<p>Its native region is largely uncertain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environmental conditions does sugar cane primarily require for optimal growth?

<p>Tropical and warm temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of sugar cane in terms of its physical characteristics?

<p>It can grow up to 3.5 meters tall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jicama Family

Jicama belongs to the Pachyrhizus plant family.

Type of Jicama Plant

Jicama is a herbaceous vine, a herb, and perennial plant.

Jicama's Native Area

Jicama originates from a specific region/location.

Jicama Domestication Region

Details the original region where jicama was first cultivated.

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Jicama Harvesting Part

The tuberous root of the jicama plant is harvested from the ground.

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Jatropha Family

The plant family that Jatropha belongs to.

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Jatropha Plant Type

Jatropha is a woody plant, a shrub or small tree, and a perennial plant.

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Jatropha Economic Use

Jatropha is grown for its oil which is often used to make biodiesel.

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Jatropha Oil Extraction - Step 1

Harvesting seeds from the plant.

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Jatropha Oil Extraction - Step 2

Drying the seeds to reduce moisture content.

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Mint Family spices

Spices from plants in the mint family, often used fresh or dried, and containing essential oils.

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Rosemary

A woody shrub with pungent leaves used as a cooking spice.

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Essential oils

Fragrant liquids extracted from plants, often used in cosmetics and flavorings.

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Eudicots

A large group of flowering plants with two seed leaves (cotyledons).

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Mediterranean Region

A region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, known for various spices native to the area.

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Thyme's uses

Thyme is used in various prepared dishes, soups, stews, sauces, meat dishes, and as a garnish.

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Oregano's origin

Oregano is primarily associated with Italian cuisine and is native to Eurasia.

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Sage's flavor profile

Sage leaves have a pungent, strong, and somewhat bitter flavor.

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Basil's culinary uses

Basil is used to enhance flavor in pasta sauces, salads, soups, and meat dishes.

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Peppermint use

Peppermint is a popular essential oil that's key to making candies, desserts, and other products.

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Monocot Onion Family

The Allium genus, including onions, garlic, and shallots, are monocots.

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Potato's Origin

Potatoes originated in the Andes Mountains of Bolivia and Peru, and were cultivated around 7,000 years ago.

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Potato's Classification

Potatoes are eudicots, which means they have two seed leaves.

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Potato Blight Famine

A fungal water mold decimated Irish potato crops in the mid-1800s, leading to widespread famine.

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Yam Propagation

Yams, like potatoes, are propagated vegetatively by cutting mature tubers.

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Taro's classification

Taro is a monocot plant with an underground stem (corm).

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Taro's origin

Taro likely originated in the Indian subcontinent and is a staple in Southeast Asia.

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Cassava's role

Cassava is a crucial starchy root crop in tropical regions, particularly Africa.

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Cassava's preparation

Cassava roots are processed to remove poisonous cyanogenic glycosides before consumption. It can be prepared in different ways such as porridge, flatbread, or fermented drinks.

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Sweet Potato Use

Sweet potatoes are a nutritious root crop, rich in starch, vitamins, and minerals.

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Sugar Cane Species

A tall perennial grass that grows to about 3.5 meters tall.

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Sugar Cane Origins

The exact origins of sugar cane are unclear, but it has been cultivated for a long time.

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Plant Sugar Source

Sugar cane is a source of plant sugar.

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Economic Importance

Sugar cane is important for its economic value, especially in sugar production.

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Perennial Plant

A plant that lives for more than two years.

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Sugar Cane Cultivation

Sugar cane is widely grown and is a major source of commercial sugar (sucrose), primarily in Brazil and India.

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Sugar Beet Production

Sugar beets, developed in Europe to counter sugar shortages, are a significant source of table sugar, accounting for a sizable portion of the global supply.

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Sugar Cane Harvesting

Sugar cane stems and leaves are crushed to extract the sugary juice, which is then processed to produce pure sucrose.

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Napoleonic Wars Impact

The Napoleonic Wars disrupted sugar supply, prompting European development of sugar-beet production.

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Sugar Cane's Global Significance

Sugar cane is the largest commercial source of sucrose globally, with immense production primarily in India and Brazil and used to produce bioethanol.

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Study Notes

Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus)

  • Family: Pea family (Fabaceae)
  • Type of Plant: Herbaceous vine
  • Life Cycle: Perennial (lives longer than 2 years)
  • Native Distribution: Mexico and Central America

History as a Food Plant

  • Domestication: First domesticated in Mexico, dating back to 3000 BC. Found in archaeological sites in Peru.
  • Widely Grown in: Central America and Southeast Asia
  • Introduction to Southeast Asia: Introduced by the Spanish in the 17th century, becoming popular in countries like the Philippines and China.

Utilization

  • Part Used: Tuberous root
  • Processing:
    • Harvesting: Root harvested from the ground
    • Peeling: Thin brown skin removed
    • Cutting: Cut into sticks, cubes, or slices
  • Consumption: Eaten raw in salads, salsas, or as a crunchy snack. Can be cooked in stir-fries, soups, and stews, retaining a crisp texture.

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Related Documents

Assignment 4 - Jatropha
Spice Chart PDF
Vegetable Chart PDF
Sugars and Sweeteners PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating history and utilization of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus), a tuberous root native to Mexico and Central America. This quiz covers its domestication, distribution, and various ways to enjoy this crunchy vegetable in dishes. Test your knowledge about its processing and culinary applications!

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