Chapter 2

<p>Monosaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melting ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is stored in chemical bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain carbon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutral solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High heat capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More OH- than H+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids, liquids, or gases that are dissolved or suspended by solvents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It traps chemical energy from carbohydrates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniqueness as a covalent compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represents a tenfold change in H+ concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller particles have more kinetic energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They hold reactants in positions to interact more effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inorganic compounds include salts and many acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as biological catalysts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and a phosphate group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA has deoxyribose sugar; RNA has ribose sugar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Messenger RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a chemical energy carrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides instructions for every protein in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine - Thymine and Cytosine - Guanine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To catalyze hydrolysis reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exist as solids at room temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are heart healthy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oils that have been solidified by hydrogenation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flax seeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form cell membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroids are composed of four interlocking rings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide construction materials for body tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aid in fat digestion and absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulate salt and water balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Matter exists as solid, liquid, or gas.

A change that does not alter the substance's basic nature.

A change that alters a substance's chemical composition.

The ability to do work; has no mass and occupies no space.

Energy of motion; work is being done.

Stored energy; inactive energy just waiting to be used.

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of substances.

Smaller particles have more kinetic energy, move faster, and collide more.

Catalysts lower the energy needed for molecules to react by positioning them correctly.

Compounds that lack carbon and are usually small, like water and salts.

Compounds that contain carbon, typically large and covalent, such as lipids and proteins.

Water is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body, making up two-thirds of body weight.

Water can absorb and release a lot of heat without changing temperature, stabilizing body temperature.

Water is called the 'universal solvent' due to its ability to dissolve many substances.

Solutions are formed when solutes are tiny, while colloids are intermediate and create translucent mixtures.

Measures hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, ranging from 0 to 14.

A pH of 7 where H⁺ and OH⁻ ions are equal.

Solutions with pH below 7, having more H⁺ than OH⁻ ions.

Solutions with pH above 7, having fewer H⁺ than OH⁻ ions.

Chemicals that help maintain stable pH levels despite change.

Simple sugars; basic building blocks of carbohydrates.

Two monosaccharides joined together, too large to pass membranes.

Long chains of monosaccharides; function as energy storage.

Organic compounds that include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids; they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

The most abundant type of lipid, found in fat deposits, providing energy and insulation for the body.

Lipids that make up cell membranes and help transport lipids in plasma; important for brain function.

A type of lipid that includes cholesterol and sex hormones; essential for various bodily functions.

A key steroid that forms the basis for all body steroids; vital for cell membrane structure.

Produced from cholesterol, they assist in fat digestion and absorption in the digestive tract.

A fat-soluble vitamin produced in the skin upon UV exposure; crucial for bone health.

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands; regulate stress responses and body fluid balance.

Biological catalysts that increase reaction rates by binding to substrates at active sites.

Large biological molecules that form genes, composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.

Building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.

Genetic material in cell nuclei, organized in a double-helical structure with deoxyribose sugar.

Single-stranded nucleic acid that translates DNA instructions into protein synthesis.

Energy currency of cells, composed of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups; releases energy by breaking bonds.

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine are the building blocks that pair in DNA structure.

Includes messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA; each has a unique role in protein synthesis.

Fats with only single covalent bonds, solid at room temperature.

Fats with one or more double bonds, causing kinks; liquid at room temperature.

Hydrogenated oils that increase heart disease risk.

Healthy fats found in cold-water fish and certain plants; reduce heart disease risk.

Large molecules made of amino acids; vital for body functions and structure.

The building blocks of proteins; contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.