Questions and Answers
A 2-year-old boy has been diagnosed with physiologic cryptorchidism. What will the nurse most likely observe during the assessment?
What is a common assessment finding in a boy younger than 2 years old?
During an examination of an aging man, what finding would the nurse expect?
What does the presence of multiple soft, moist, painless papules in the shape of cauliflower-like patches on the shaft of the penis suggest?
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What do findings of swelling in the scrotum that increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure and decreases when lying down indicate in a 16-year-old male?
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During a testicular examination on a 25-year-old man, which finding is considered normal?
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Which finding during the inspection of the scrotum and testes of a 43-year-old man would require additional follow-up?
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What do severe pain of sudden onset in the scrotal area, somewhat relieved by elevation, and a red, enlarged, painful scrotum indicate?
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What type of hernia is indicated by a painless round swelling close to the pubis that is easily reduced when the individual is supine?
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What is the medical term for prolonged, painful erection of the penis without sexual stimulation?
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What do the findings of a red, round, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge on the penis suggest?
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How should the nurse document the finding of trouble starting a urine stream?
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What do clusters of small vesicles surrounded by erythema on the glans indicate?
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What condition is indicated if the male patient's foreskin is fixed and tight, and will not retract over the glans?
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Which tests should be performed for a 55-year-old man worried about prostate cancer? (Select all that apply)
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Which assessment findings support the diagnosis of orchitis in a 16-year-old boy after mumps? (Select all that apply)
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Which is a structure of the external male genital?
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Which is an accessory glandular structure for the male genital organs?
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Which of these statements is true regarding the penis?
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When performing a genital examination on a 25-year-old man, how should the nurse proceed if noticing deeply pigmented, wrinkled scrotal skin?
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Which statement concerning the testes is true?
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Where is sperm produced?
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What is a hernia?
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What is the first sign of puberty in boys?
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Which finding is an expected or normal change during aging in men?
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What can cause withdrawal from sexual activity later in life?
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What is burning during urination called?
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Which statement is most appropriate to begin a sexual history from a male adolescent?
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What is an appropriate question for obtaining a genitourinary history from an older man?
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What should the nurse do when a male patient has an erection during a genital examination?
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What is a normal finding when examining the glans?
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What does a ventrally positioned urethral meatus indicate?
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What should the nurse do when collecting urethral discharge for examination?
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What does the presence of multiple firm, nontender, yellow 1-cm nodules in the scrotum indicate?
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What does a red glow during transillumination of the scrotum indicate?
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What is the correct action when performing a genital examination on a male patient?
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Which statement is true regarding the incidence of testicular cancer?
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How should a patient perform a testicular self-examination?
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What should the nurse do for a 2-month-old uncircumcised infant during a genital examination?
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Study Notes
External Male Genital Structures
- The external male genital structures consist of the penis and scrotum.
- Internal structures include the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens.
Accessory Glandular Structures
- The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands are accessory glandular structures for male genital organs.
Anatomy of the Penis
- The corpus spongiosum expands at the tip into the glans, exhibiting erectile tissue.
- The penis comprises three columns of erectile tissue, not two.
- The prepuce is the fold of foreskin covering the glans, not the shaft.
Normal Scrotal Appearance
- Deeply pigmented, wrinkled scrotal skin with large sebaceous follicles is considered a normal finding post-adolescence.
Testicular Location and Lymphatics
- The right testis is positioned lower than the left due to the shorter spermatic cord on the right.
- Lymphatic vessels from the testes drain into inguinal lymph nodes.
Sperm Production
- Sperm is produced in the testes; the prostate and epididymis do not produce sperm.
Understanding Hernias
- A hernia is characterized by a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles, not a prenatal abnormality.
Signs of Puberty in Boys
- The first sign of puberty in boys is the enlargement of the testes, typically beginning between ages 9 and 10.
Aging Changes in Male Anatomy
- Normal aging may lead to decreased penis size, diminished pubic hair, and altered rugae over the scrotal sac.
Factors Influencing Sexual Activity
- Side effects of medications can contribute to reduced sexual activity in older men along with other factors like loss of spouse or life stress.
Urethral Symptoms
- Dysuria is the medical term for burning during urination, often seen in conditions like prostatitis.
Conducting a Sexual History
- Initiating a sexual history with a non-judgmental permission statement helps adolescents feel comfortable discussing sexual activity.
Expected Changes in Older Adults
- Asking about nocturia (urination at night) is relevant for older male patients as it can indicate underlying health issues.
Responding to Erection During Examination
- Acknowledge the erection as a normal physiological response and continue the examination to maintain professionalism.
Normal Findings in the Glans
- Smegma may be present under the foreskin of uncircumcised males but the glans should appear smooth and lesion-free.
Urethral Meatus Positioning
- A ventrally positioned urethral meatus indicates hypospadias, an abnormality that should be assessed further.
Collecting Urethral Discharge
- To collect urethral discharge for examination, compress the glans to obtain a sample.
Scrotal Nodules
- Yellow, firm, nontender nodules in the scrotum often represent sebaceous cysts, a common finding.
Transillumination of the Scrotum
- A red glow during transillumination suggests the presence of serous fluid in the scrotum.
Correct Examination Technique
- Shift the patient's weight onto the opposite leg when palpating for a potential hernia on the examined side.
Testicular Cancer Risk Factors
- Cryptorchidism significantly increases the risk of developing testicular cancer; early detection improves the cure rate.
Testicular Self-Examination Guidance
- Advise patients to report any firm, painless lumps or enlarged testicles to their healthcare provider.
Examination of Infants
- Avoid retracting the foreskin of uncircumcised infants until they are at least 3 months old to prevent complications.
Physiologic Cryptorchidism
- In physiologic cryptorchidism, the testis may not be palpable but can be milled down in response to gentle manipulation.
Common Findings in Young Boys
- Hydrocele, or fluid accumulation in the scrotum, is a typical assessment finding in boys under 2 years of age.
Expected Findings in Aging Males
- Aging may lead to a decrease in penis size while other aspects of anatomy like the scrotum may show less rugae and pendulous characteristics.### Genital Assessment Findings
- Multiple soft, moist, painless papules in a cauliflower-like shape on the penis indicate genital warts (Human Papillomavirus - HPV).
- Genital carcinoma usually presents as raised, warty growths or ulcers, primarily on the glans or foreskin.
- Genital herpes manifests as painful clusters of small vesicles, typically on the glans, foreskin, or anus.
- Syphilitic chancres appear as solitary ulcers with a nontender base within a few weeks of infection.
Inguinal Hernias
- Indirect inguinal hernias are characterized by a soft swelling that increases with intra-abdominal pressure, often accompanied by pain when straining; it decreases in size when supine.
- Direct inguinal hernias usually occur in older men due to acquired weakness and are also painless.
- Femoral hernias present with constant pain and can become strangulated.
- Incisional hernias occur at surgical incision sites.
Testicular Examination Norms
- Normal testes are oval, firm, rubbery, smooth, and slightly sensitive to compression; they are freely movable.
- Any presence of subcutaneous plaques, dry or scaly scrotal skin, or hard masses typically indicates abnormal findings.
Scrotal Condition Considerations
- Taut skin on the scrotum may suggest swelling and potential pitting edema that requires follow-up.
- Normal anatomy includes the left testicle typically hanging lower than the right and the scrotum's responsive contraction to cold.
Acute Scrotal Pain Diagnosis
- Epididymitis presents with severe, sudden scrotal pain relieved by elevation, with an enlarged and very tender scrotum.
- Testicular torsion causes excruciating unilateral pain and a swollen scrotum with one testis higher than normal.
Erectile Dysfunction Drug Teaching
- Priapism is a serious side effect of erectile dysfunction medications that involves prolonged, painful erection without sexual stimulation.
Urological Assessment Terms
- Difficulty starting a urine stream is referred to as hesitancy; urgency represents the need to urinate immediately, while frequency denotes increased urination.
Conditions of the Foreskin
- Phimosis occurs when the foreskin cannot retract over the glans, which may be congenital or due to infection-related adhesions.
Prostate Cancer Screening
- Men aged 50 and older, particularly those with family histories of prostate cancer, should undergo annual testing including PSA blood tests and digital rectal exams (DRE).
Signs of Orchitis
- Orchitis is indicated by swollen, tender testes, reddened scrotal skin, and a non-transilluminating mass.
Assessment Findings for Scrotal Issues
- In orchitis, assess for swollen, tender testis, and reddened scrotal skin; transillumination of masses indicates hydrocele, not orchitis.
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Test your knowledge on the external male genital structures through these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts related to male reproductive anatomy, focusing on identifying key components and their functions. Perfect for students studying health sciences or biology.