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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
During pregnancy, a woman experiences a posture shift to compensate for the enlarging fetus. This shift in posture is known as:
During pregnancy, a woman experiences a posture shift to compensate for the enlarging fetus. This shift in posture is known as:
- Lordosis (correct)
- Ankylosis
- Scoliosis
- Kyphosis
The movement of bringing the arm in toward the center of the body is called:
The movement of bringing the arm in toward the center of the body is called:
- Adduction (correct)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
For a patient to move her hand to her mouth, she must perform which movement?
For a patient to move her hand to her mouth, she must perform which movement?
- Flexion (correct)
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Extension
The functional units of the musculoskeletal system are the:
The functional units of the musculoskeletal system are the:
Where does hematopoiesis take place?
Where does hematopoiesis take place?
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint are called:
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint are called:
To jump rope, one's shoulder must be capable of:
To jump rope, one's shoulder must be capable of:
The articulation of the mandible and temporal bone is known as the:
The articulation of the mandible and temporal bone is known as the:
To palpate the temporomandibular joint, the nurse's fingers should be placed in the depression _____ of the ear.
To palpate the temporomandibular joint, the nurse's fingers should be placed in the depression _____ of the ear.
Of the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column, there are:
Of the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column, there are:
An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest would cross the _____ vertebra.
An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest would cross the _____ vertebra.
The nurse refers to the 'shock absorbers' in the back as:
The nurse refers to the 'shock absorbers' in the back as:
A rotator cuff injury involves the:
A rotator cuff injury involves the:
The bump on top of both shoulders that does not hurt is:
The bump on top of both shoulders that does not hurt is:
The knee is capable of which movement(s)?
The knee is capable of which movement(s)?
The joint above the swollen knuckle of the left hand is called the _____ joint.
The joint above the swollen knuckle of the left hand is called the _____ joint.
The flat depression on the upper, lateral side of the thigh is interpreted as the:
The flat depression on the upper, lateral side of the thigh is interpreted as the:
The ankle joint articulates with the tibia, fibula, and the:
The ankle joint articulates with the tibia, fibula, and the:
Where does lengthening of bones occur?
Where does lengthening of bones occur?
What should a woman do to increase her weight-bearing exercise for osteoporosis prevention?
What should a woman do to increase her weight-bearing exercise for osteoporosis prevention?
If a girl playing basketball falls and lands on her left hand, what would indicate a fracture?
If a girl playing basketball falls and lands on her left hand, what would indicate a fracture?
The nurse should assess for other signs of what problem in a patient with joint pain that worsens in the morning?
The nurse should assess for other signs of what problem in a patient with joint pain that worsens in the morning?
A patient hears a crunching sound when kneeling and reports stiffness and pain upon waking. What should the nurse assess for?
A patient hears a crunching sound when kneeling and reports stiffness and pain upon waking. What should the nurse assess for?
A patient who flexes his right arm forward without pain but cannot abduct it due to pain and spasms should suspect:
A patient who flexes his right arm forward without pain but cannot abduct it due to pain and spasms should suspect:
Where will the nurse assess tenderness in a professional tennis player with a sore elbow?
Where will the nurse assess tenderness in a professional tennis player with a sore elbow?
To perform the Phalen's test for carpal tunnel syndrome, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
To perform the Phalen's test for carpal tunnel syndrome, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
For a hip examination, the patient should be positioned to:
For a hip examination, the patient should be positioned to:
A positive bulge sign indicates:
A positive bulge sign indicates:
A patient with lateral tilting of the spine and pain radiating down the leg likely has:
A patient with lateral tilting of the spine and pain radiating down the leg likely has:
A nurse assesses a 3-month-old infant for hip dislocation. If no 'clunking' sounds are heard, this is recorded as a:
A nurse assesses a 3-month-old infant for hip dislocation. If no 'clunking' sounds are heard, this is recorded as a:
A newborn infant with six toes has a condition known as:
A newborn infant with six toes has a condition known as:
A mother observes limited movement in her newborn's right arm. The nurse suspects a fractured clavicle and should observe for:
A mother observes limited movement in her newborn's right arm. The nurse suspects a fractured clavicle and should observe for:
A patient with extreme tenderness in the toes and swollen, reddened joints is likely experiencing:
A patient with extreme tenderness in the toes and swollen, reddened joints is likely experiencing:
A swimmer has shoulder pain after falling on an outstretched hand. The nurse suspects:
A swimmer has shoulder pain after falling on an outstretched hand. The nurse suspects:
Firm, nontender nodules at the olecranon bursa in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis are:
Firm, nontender nodules at the olecranon bursa in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis are:
Fingers drifting to the side in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is known as:
Fingers drifting to the side in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is known as:
The nurse assesses changes in the fingers of a longterm rheumatoid arthritis patient. What problems should be assessed?
The nurse assesses changes in the fingers of a longterm rheumatoid arthritis patient. What problems should be assessed?
A lateral curvature of the spine that disappears on bending is diagnosed as:
A lateral curvature of the spine that disappears on bending is diagnosed as:
A 14-year-old with pain just below the knee likely has:
A 14-year-old with pain just below the knee likely has:
If a patient has complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance, what grade should it be recorded as?
If a patient has complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance, what grade should it be recorded as?
A significant height decrease with age is primarily due to:
A significant height decrease with age is primarily due to:
Osteoporosis is defined as:
Osteoporosis is defined as:
To assess the ischial tuberosity properly, the patient should be:
To assess the ischial tuberosity properly, the patient should be:
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Musculoskeletal System Overview
- Posture shift during pregnancy alters a woman's center of gravity and is known as lordosis.
- Joint movements include adduction (moving toward the body) and abduction (moving away from the body).
- Flexion refers to bending a joint, while extension is straightening it.
Joint and Bone Structures
- The functional units of the musculoskeletal system are joints.
- Hematopoiesis, blood cell production, occurs primarily in the bone marrow.
- Ligaments are fibrous bands that connect bones and provide joint stability.
Joint Assessments and Movements
- Shoulder movements crucial for activities like jumping rope include circumduction, which is a circular motion.
- The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone, allowing jaw movement.
- To palpate the TMJ, position fingers anterior to the tragus of the ear.
Spinal Column and Vertebrae
- The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae, including 5 lumbar vertebrae.
- An imaginary line across the highest iliac crests intersects the fourth lumbar vertebra.
Pathophysiology and Injury Recognition
- Intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers, absorbing impact between vertebrae.
- A rotator cuff injury involves the glenohumeral joint impacting shoulder range of motion.
- Signs of osteoarthritis include morning stiffness, worse after inactivity, and decreased range of motion.
Common Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Acute gout presents with painful, swollen joints, especially in the toes.
- Carpal tunnel syndrome is assessed with Phalen's test, where wrists are flexed for 60 seconds to elicit symptoms.
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis often have ulnar deviation, which is the lateral drifting of fingers.
Pediatric and Geriatric Considerations
- In infants, the Allis test checks for hip dislocation via knee height comparisons.
- Aging leads to decreased height primarily due to compression of the vertebral column.
- Osteoporosis is defined as a loss of bone density, increasing fracture risk.
Clinical Assessments and Findings
- Positive bulge sign indicates fluid accumulation in the knee joint.
- Knock knees, or genu valgum, refer to a common misalignment in which knees angle inward.
- Tender nodules under the skin in gout sufferers are known as tophi.
Assessment Techniques
- Musculoskeletal assessments are performed from proximal to distal.
- Check for joint tenderness and swelling, especially in patients with a history of arthritis.
- Muscle strength is evaluated using a scale of 0 to 5, with complete motion against resistance graded as 5.
Key Points for Patient Education
- Encourage weight-bearing exercises such as walking to prevent osteoporosis.
- Advise on the importance of calcium supplementation and regular bone density screenings.
- Gout management includes avoiding purine-rich foods and recognizing early symptom patterns.
These notes serve as a foundational understanding of the musculoskeletal system, including anatomical terms, common conditions, assessment techniques, and patient education points.
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