Joint Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction?

  • Myology
  • Arthrology (correct)
  • Osteology
  • Kinesiology

    • Which type of joint is characterized by bones being fused into a single bone?

  • Fibrous joint
  • Bony joint (correct)
  • Synovial joint
  • Cartilaginous joint

    • What type of joint is bound by collagen fibers?

  • Fibrous joint (correct)
  • Cartilaginous joint
  • Bony joint
  • Synovial joint

    • Which joint type allows for the longest movement?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of musculoskeletal movement called?

    <p>Kinesiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the gap between two bones ossifies in infants?

    <p>The bones become immobile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do the sacrum bones typically fuse?

    <p>16 – 26 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is also referred to as synarthrosis?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding syndesmoses?

    <p>They connect bones with longer collagen fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the epiphyses and diaphysis of long bones during early adulthood?

    <p>They become bony joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibrous joint is characterized by the attachment of a tooth to its socket?

    <p>Gomphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibrous joint allows for slight movement and is found only in the skull?

    <p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

    <p>The connection of the tibia and fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the periodontal ligament in gomphosis joints?

    <p>To allow the tooth to move slightly under stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sutures are specifically categorized as serrate sutures?

    <p>Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the bones in a syndesmosis joint primarily connected?

    <p>By long collagenous fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibrous joint is characterized as immobile or slightly mobile?

    <p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes serrate sutures from lap sutures?

    <p>Serrate sutures are straight and interlocking, while lap sutures are overlapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of synovial fluid in the joint cavity?

    <p>To nourish articular cartilages and reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the outer layer of the joint capsule?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are involved in the secretion of synovial fluid?

    <p>Fibroblast-like cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint structures are referred to as menisci?

    <p>Pads of fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of lamellar corpuscles in the joint capsule?

    <p>Monitoring limb positions and joint movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is articular cartilage primarily located?

    <p>Covering the facing surfaces of adjoining bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum thickness of articular cartilage?

    <p>2-3 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints commonly contain an articular disc?

    <p>Knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tendons play in the body?

    <p>They stabilize joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bursa primarily composed of?

    <p>A fibrous sac containing synovial fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tendon sheaths benefit tendons?

    <p>They allow tendons to move more freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue attaches one bone to another?

    <p>Ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to synovial fluid during exercise?

    <p>It warms up and becomes less viscous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bursae?

    <p>They cushion joints and facilitate movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what activity are tendon sheaths particularly important?

    <p>Movements in the wrist and ankle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major benefit of warming up before exercise?

    <p>It helps protect joints from compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cartilage during exercise?

    <p>To remove metabolic wastes and improve nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does weight-bearing exercise affect bone mass and joint stability?

    <p>It builds bone mass and strengthens surrounding muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is best for joint health with minimal damage?

    <p>Swimming and bicycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the movements included under flexion and extension?

    <p>Flexion and extension of limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the special movements of the mandible?

    <p>Any motion of the mandible including elevation and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement describes the outward rotation of the forearm where the palm faces up?

    <p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of excessive joint stress during exercise?

    <p>Progression of osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint movement primarily involves moving a body part away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Joints

    • A joint, or articulation, is any point where two bones meet, regardless of mobility.
    • Arthrology studies joint structure, function, and dysfunction.
    • Kinesiology studies musculoskeletal movement.

    Four Types of Joints

    • Bony joints: Immobile; formed when two bones fuse into one.
    • Fibrous joints: Bound by collagen fibers.
      • Sutures (short fibers, e.g., skull)
      • Gomphoses (short fibers, tooth in socket)
      • Syndesmoses (longer fibers, e.g., radius and ulna shafts; tibia and fibula)
    • Cartilaginous joints: Bound by cartilage.
      • Synchondroses (hyaline cartilage)
        • Example: the first rib's connection to the sternum, epiphyseal plates.
      • Symphyses (fibrocartilage)
        • Example: pubic symphysis; intervertebral discs.
    • Synovial joints: Freely movable; contain synovial fluid within a joint cavity.
      • Most important for physical and occupational therapists, athletic coaches, and fitness trainers.
      • Crucial for quality of life, performance (athletes), and age-related flexibility changes; also important to understand rheumatoid arthritis's effect.

    Synovial Joints (Specifics)

    • Synovial Fluid: Warmth from exercise thins the fluid to aid cartilage function as a shock absorber.
    • Cartilage health: Repetitive joint compression during exercise aids nutrition and waste removal in nonvascular cartilage by squeezing waste from the cartilage. The fluid then carries nutrients, including oxygen for chondrocytes. Without exercise, nutrition and oxygenation are impeded, and waste removal is also slowed.
    • Weight-bearing exercise builds bone mass and muscle strength, reducing joint dislocation risk. Excessive stress can damage cartilage and worsen osteoarthritis. Swimming and cycling are generally good exercise that minimises joint stress.
    • Examples of synovial joints: ball-and-socket (humeroscapular), multiaxial
    • Movements of synovial joints
      • Flexion and extension
      • Abduction and adduction
      • Elevation and depression
      • Protraction and retraction
      • Circumduction
      • Rotation
      • Supination and pronation

    Special Movements

    • Head and trunk

      • Flexion
      • Hyperextension
      • Lateral flexion
      • Rotation (right and left)

    • Mandible

      • Protraction
      • Retraction
      • Lateral excursion
      • Medial excursion

    • Hand and digits

      • Radial flexion
      • Ulnar flexion
      • Abduction of fingers
      • Palmar abduction of thumb
      • Opposition of thumb

    • Foot

      • Dorsiflexion
      • Plantar flexion
      • Inversion
      • Eversion

    • Articular Disc: Fibrocartilage pad that crosses the joint capsule in some cases, improving joint fit and shock absorption (e.g., temporomandibular joints, sternoclavicular joints, acromioclavicular joints, between ulna and carpal bones) in the knee as a meniscus.

    • Accessory Structures:

      • Tendons: attach muscle to bone, helping stabilize joints
      • Ligaments: attach bone to bone
      • Bursae: fluid-filled sacs cushion muscles and tendons around joints.
      • Tendon sheaths: elongated bursae around tendons, aiding free movement.

    Points for Thinking

    • Athletes warm up before intensive exercise to prepare their joints and muscles.
    • Exercise keeps joints healthy by maintaining cartilage and muscle strength.
    • Various exercises are beneficial for maintaining healthy joints, some examples are weight bearing exercises, swimming and bicycling.

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    Related Documents

    Joints BIO 237 Lecture 13 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the science of joints, including their structure, function, and different types. This quiz covers various aspects of joint anatomy, including movements, types of connections, and specific examples such as gomphosis and syndesmosis. Challenge yourself to understand how these systems work together in the human body.

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