Japanese Women in Crafts: Modern Period Challenges
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the last part of this module?

  • The influence of patriarchal power on Japanese society
  • The predicament of Japanese women in the field of crafts in the modern period (correct)
  • The difference in the number of female artists between Japan and Western Europe
  • The life story of a female artist who migrated to Brazil

    • Why did Japan historically have fewer female artists compared to Western Europe?

  • Due to the cultural differences between Japan and Western Europe
  • Due to the lack of artistic education for women
  • Because of the pervasive influence of patriarchal power in Japanese society (correct)
  • Because of the limited job opportunities for women in Japan

    • What was the system of 'ie' or family foundation based on?

  • Patriarchal system, where authority was inherited from father to son (correct)
  • Egalitarian distribution of power among family members
  • Maternal love and care
  • Maternal inheritance

    • How did Shintoism view women?

    <p>As polluted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the patriarchal system on women's roles in Japan?

    <p>Women were relegated to the domestic realm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the position of women in the craft workshop in Japan's history?

    <p>They were relegated to menial tasks or remained unnamed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time period depicted in the movie Ugetsu Monogatari?

    <p>The Muromachi period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occupation of the couple in the movie Ugetsu Monogatari?

    <p>Pottery makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tea school that Fujiko Kobori inherited as the 17th generation?

    <p>Kobori Enshu Tea School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to art historian Midori Yoshimoto, what was still present in the Japanese art world in the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>Patriarchal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many women were nominated as Living National Treasures by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in 2019?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ceramic art objects allowed for the diversification of the field and opened up space for women artists?

    <p>Non-functional ceramic objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the first circle of Japanese women ceramic artists founded in 1957?

    <p>Joryu Togei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the founder of the Joryu Togei Association?

    <p>Asuka Tsuboi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Asuka Tsuboi's mentor?

    <p>Kenkichi Tomimoto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tasks were women limited to in the 1950s according to Asuka Tsuboi?

    <p>Glazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Joryu Togei Association?

    <p>To create a space for women artists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ceramic forms were mostly created by members of the Joryu Togei Association?

    <p>Abstract and sculptural forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the tasks that women may have performed in pottery production during the period mentioned?

    <p>Kneading the clay and turning the potter's wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the style of painting depicted in the illustration?

    <p>Onna-e</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did women enjoy an unusual degree of autonomy in Japan?

    <p>Heian period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a famous poet, potter, and calligrapher mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Ōtagaki Rengetsu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ideal promoted by the Japanese government in the early 20th century?

    <p>Ryōsai kenbo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of the Meiji Restoration of 1868?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did women gain the right to vote in Japan?

    <p>After World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a popular pursuit for women from the 1950s onwards?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first and only woman to inherit the title of iemoto in the Sogetsu school of ikebana?

    <p>Kasumi Teshigahara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of tea ceremony practitioners are women today?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the daughter of famous ukiyo-e designer Katsushika Hokusai?

    <p>Katsushika Ōi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sparked Suzuki's decision to immigrate to Brazil?

    <p>Watching a show about Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of house did Suzuki and her husband rent in Brazil?

    <p>A pau-a-pique house made of clay and straw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural materials did Suzuki explore in Brazil?

    <p>Local clays and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of kiln did Suzuki build in Brazil?

    <p>A three-chamber noborigama kiln</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take to fire ceramics in Suzuki's kiln?

    <p>20 to 30 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Suzuki's friend give her the noborigama kiln design?

    <p>Because she was going to the 'end of the world'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Suzuki hold her kiln opening ceremony?

    <p>In her backyard in the outskirts of São Paulo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Suzuki's kiln opening ceremony?

    <p>It was a huge success, with around 800 attendees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who built a noborigama kiln following Suzuki's design?

    <p>Ivone Shirahata, Suzuki's apprentice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many noborigama kilns of its kind existed after Suzuki built hers?

    <p>Three, including Suzuki's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inspiration behind Suzuki's Cosmos series?

    <p>The work of Japanese writer and poet Kenji Miyazawa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique does Suzuki use to create surface decorations on her sculptures?

    <p>Making repetitive incisions with a bamboo calligraphy brush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the marks on the clay in Suzuki's work titled 'Campo'?

    <p>They are made by the potter's hand on the wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of Suzuki's plate-like object featuring a net-like impression?

    <p>New World</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Suzuki want to be in the middle, according to her conversation?

    <p>To absorb knowledge alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Suzuki's reaction when her old potter friend said she was no longer 'Japanese'?

    <p>She was happy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of kiln does Suzuki use to fire her glazes?

    <p>Noborigama wood-fired climbing kiln</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color achieved by using cobalt oxide in Suzuki's glazes?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why many women in Japan abandon their careers in ceramics after receiving major prizes or graduating from university?

    <p>Marriage and childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated Shoko Suzuki to become interested in ceramics?

    <p>She saw a piece of pottery among the ruins of her family's home after the US bombings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Shoko Suzuki finally find as an apprentice after being rejected by several masters?

    <p>Toko Karasugi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the annual exhibition where Shoko Suzuki participated as one of the few women?

    <p>Tokokai Pottery Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Shoko Suzuki and her colleagues erase the female suffix of their names?

    <p>To avoid being discriminated against</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event inspired Shoko Suzuki to consider migrating to Brazil?

    <p>A TV show about Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Shoko Suzuki's occupation before becoming a potter?

    <p>Factory worker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Shoko Suzuki establish her own pottery studio in 1957?

    <p>Suburban Tokyo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the neighborhood in São Paulo featured in the TV show that inspired Shoko Suzuki?

    <p>Liberdade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Shoko Suzuki's husband's occupation?

    <p>Painter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Women in Japanese Craftsmanship

    • Historically, Japan had fewer female artists than Western Europe due to the patriarchal system and social expectations.
    • Women's roles were limited to menial tasks or remained unnamed, and their achievements were often unrecognized.

    Women in Japanese Art

    • During the Heian period, aristocratic women enjoyed autonomy and played active roles in elite culture, producing literature and art.
    • Women also served as professional painters at court and created images in the onna-e (women's paintings) style.
    • They played important roles in politics, holding positions of power, including being empresses.

    The Edo Period

    • Despite their lower status, some women still managed to stand out as artists.
    • Noble women of the high-ranking samurai class received training in calligraphy, poetry, and painting, referred to as the "three perfections."
    • Notable women from this period include Ōtagaki Rengetsu, Ema Saikō, and Katsushika Ōi.

    The Meiji Restoration

    • With the abolition of the feudal system, new avenues for women's expression and education emerged.
    • The ideal of ryōsai kenbo—"good wife, wise mother"—promoted women's roles primarily as homemakers and child bearers.

    Post-WWII

    • The feminist movement in Japan aimed to bring women into the public sphere, and women acquired the right to vote and enter public university education.
    • Women began to enter art universities, and traditional arts like the tea ceremony and ikebana became popular pursuits for women.

    Shoko Suzuki

    • Born in 1929, Suzuki was a Japanese woman potter who migrated to Brazil to escape the constraints of her gender in the field of crafts in Japan.
    • She was the first woman to be accepted as an apprentice by a Tokyo-based potter, Toko Karasugi, and began her career as an independent artist.
    • She established her own pottery studio in suburban Tokyo and participated in the Totokai Pottery Association's annual exhibition, where she was the only woman among 60 members.
    • In 1961, she migrated to Brazil with her husband, where she built a Japanese-style climbing kiln and began experimenting with local clays and glazes.
    • Suzuki's work was featured in a solo exhibition at the São Paulo Museum of Modern Art, and she participated in an exhibition featuring contemporary Japanese Brazilian artists across various museums.

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    Description

    Explore the difficulties faced by Japanese women in becoming recognized as professional artists and craftspeople in modern Japan, including the life story of a woman who migrated to Brazil to escape societal expectations.

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